An Alternative Method to Develop Embroidery Textile Strain Sensors

Martínez-Estrada, Marc; Gil, Ignacio; Fernández‐García, Raúl

doi:10.3390/textiles1030026

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In the case of the sensors presented here, the gauge factor varied between 1.012 (Sensor S2) and 1.713 (Sensor S3) after 99 stretching cycles. In another study [ 17 ], a gauge factor of approximately 0.5 was presented. When comparing this value to the average gauge factor of

from the sensor that had the lowest score (Sensor S2), it can be observed that Sensor S2 performs the best.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ideally, the fabric substrate should be made of a blend of fibres that have enough elasticity so that they can regain their original shape after being stretched. Some examples include fabrics made of polyester/spandex materials [ 8 ], polyamide fabrics combined with elastomers (Shieldex Medtex-130, V Technical Textiles Inc., Palmyra, NY, USA), polyester/elastodiene [ 17 ], and nylon/spandex [ 15 ], among others.…”

Section: Fabrication Of Embroidered Textile Strain Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, Park and Lee [ 16 ] studied the effect that different stitch parameters, such as stitch length, stitch shape, and stitch size, had on the performance of the strain sensor. Another study, in which a stitched sensor was implemented, was the one performed by Martínez Estrada et al [ 17 ]. In this study, two zigzag stitches with different shapes and dimensions were overlapped on top of each other to increase the number of contact points of the conductive thread.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and Fabrication of Embroidered Textile Strain Sensors: An Alternative to Stitch-Based Strain Sensors

Alfaro

Trejos

2023

Sensors

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Smart textile sensors have been gaining popularity as alternative methods for the continuous monitoring of human motion. Multiple methods of fabrication for these textile sensors have been proposed, but the simpler ones include stitching or embroidering the conductive thread onto an elastic fabric to create a strain sensor. Although multiple studies have demonstrated the efficacy of textile sensors using the stitching technique, there is almost little to no information regarding the fabrication of textile strain sensors using the embroidery method. In this paper, a design guide for the fabrication of an embroidered resistive textile strain sensor is presented. All of the required design steps are explained, as well as the different embroidery design parameters and their optimal values. Finally, three embroidered textile strain sensors were created using these design steps. These sensors are based on the principle of superposition and were fabricated using a stainless-steel conductive thread embroidered onto a polyester–rubber elastic knit structure. The three sensors demonstrated an average gauge factor of 1.88±0.51 over a 26% working range, low hysteresis (8.54±2.66%), and good repeatability after being pre-stretched over a certain number of stretching cycles.

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from the sensor that had the lowest score (Sensor S2), it can be observed that Sensor S2 performs the best.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fabrication Of Embroidered Textile Strain Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and Fabrication of Embroidered Textile Strain Sensors: An Alternative to Stitch-Based Strain Sensors

Alfaro

Trejos

2023

Sensors

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“…Integrated textile strain sensors in the knee area are therefore designed to derive the gait phase from the straining of the textile structure. Knitting [20,21], stitching [20,22,23], and embroidering [24,25] are the standard textile methods for producing textile-based strain sensors. In the case of stitched or embroidered sensors, the stretchability of the sensor is largely determined by the basic textile fabric.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Weft-Knitted Strain Sensors for Motion Capture

Fischer,

Abtahi,

Warncke

et al. 2024

Micromachines

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Functional electrical stimulation (FES) aims to improve the gait pattern in cases of weak foot dorsiflexion (foot lifter weakness) and, therefore, increase the liveability of people suffering from chronic diseases of the central nervous system, e.g., multiple sclerosis. One important component of FES is the detection of the knee angle in order to enable the situational triggering of dorsiflexion in the right gait phase by electrical impulses. This paper presents an alternative approach to sensors for motion capture in the form of weft-knitted strain sensors. The use of textile-based strain sensors instead of conventional strain gauges offers the major advantage of direct integration during the knitting process and therefore a very discreet integration into garments. This in turn contributes to the fact that the FES system can be implemented in the form of functional leggings that are suitable for inconspicuous daily use without disturbing the wearer unnecessarily. Different designs of the weft-knitted strain sensor and the influence on its measurement behavior were investigated. The designs differed in terms of the integration direction of the sensor (wale- or course-wise) and the width of the sensor (number of loops) in a weft-knitted textile structure.

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“…filters and antennas) and sensors [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Today, wearable etextile technologies are experiencing a massive growth due to the properties they provide, especially in the field of sensors, such as wash ability, and full direct implementation on the clothes [15][16]. On the other hand, planar microwave sensors can potentially satisfy many demanding requirements and provide technical solutions to several challenging aspects due to their low cost, small size and low profile.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embroidered Textile Frequency-Splitting Sensor Based on Stepped-Impedance Resonators

Vélez¹,

Martín²,

Fernández‐García

et al. 2022

IEEE Sensors J.

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This paper presents an embroidered textile frequency-splitting microwave sensor based on a pair of identical stepped-impedance resonators (SIRs) loading a microstrip transmission line. The sensor is implemented by means of conductive threads. The sensing region of the proposed structure is the capacitive square patch of one of the SIRs. If such region is kept unaltered, the structure is symmetric, and the frequency response (transmission coefficient) exhibits a single transmission zero. However, if symmetry is broken (e.g., through liquid absorption in the sensing region), the frequency response of the proposed sensor exhibits two transmission zeros (frequency splitting). The difference (in frequency and magnitude) between such zeros (or notches) is intimately related to the dielectric properties of the absorbed liquids to be sensed/detected. The proposed sensing structure is applied to the detection of deionized (DI) water absorption, and to the quantification of the number of DI water drops. The maximum measured sensitivity is found to be 2.70 MHz/µl and 0.03 dB/µl for the incremental frequency and incremental magnitude of the notches.

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An Alternative Method to Develop Embroidery Textile Strain Sensors

Cited by 11 publications

References 19 publications

Design and Fabrication of Embroidered Textile Strain Sensors: An Alternative to Stitch-Based Strain Sensors

Design and Fabrication of Embroidered Textile Strain Sensors: An Alternative to Stitch-Based Strain Sensors

Novel Weft-Knitted Strain Sensors for Motion Capture

Embroidered Textile Frequency-Splitting Sensor Based on Stepped-Impedance Resonators

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