An alternative approach to medical genetics based on modern evolutionary                biology. Part 4: HERVs in cancer

Ryan, Frank

doi:10.1258/jrsm.2009.090289

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…This emphasizes the importance of UVB wavelengths for the activation of the retroviral pol sequence. Although the role of HERVs in human tumorigenesis remains controversial, their potential involvement in carcinogenesis via the activation of proto‐oncogenes or the expression of functional proteins, immunosuppressive proteins, and virus‐like particles has been suggested (Canaani et al., 1983; Ruprecht et al., 2008; Ryan, 2009). Furthermore, important characteristics of replicating retroviruses are the de novo insertion by retrotransposition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of human endogenous retrovirus K is stimulated by ultraviolet radiation in melanoma

Schanab

Humer²,

Gleiß

et al. 2011

Pigment Cell Melanoma Res

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Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) represent a cellular reservoir of potentially pathogenic retroviral genes. A growing body of evidence indicates that the activation of endogenous retroviral sequences might be involved in the transformation of melanocytes. In this study, we investigated the effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on the expression of human endogenous retrovirus type K (HERV-K) in melanoma cells and non-melanoma cells in vitro. Solely in melanoma cell lines, irradiation with UVB (200 mJ/cm(2)) resulted in a significant transcriptional activation of the retroviral pol gene as well as in an enhanced expression of the retroviral envelope protein (env). In addition, UVB treatment induced the production of retroviral particles in the supernatants of melanoma cell lines. These data indicate that HERV-K expression can be activated by UVB irradiation and suggest an involvement of HERV-K in UVR-related melanoma pathogenesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of human endogenous retrovirus K is stimulated by ultraviolet radiation in melanoma

Schanab

Humer²,

Gleiß

et al. 2011

Pigment Cell Melanoma Res

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“…During evolution, HERVs were amplified and spread throughout the genome by repeated events of retrotransposition and/or reinfection; their integration in any location of the genome can alter in consequence the structure and/or function of other genes [16] , [17] . Indeed, HERV activity is implicated in many complex diseases that have multifactorial etiology and genetic basis, including type 1 diabetes [18] , various types of tumors [19] , [20] , autoimmune diseases (for a review [21] ) and neuropathogenic diseases such as multiple sclerosis [22] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HERVs Expression in Autism Spectrum Disorders

et al. 2012

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BackgroundAutistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder, resulting from complex interactions among genetic, genomic and environmental factors. Here we have studied the expression of Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs), non-coding DNA elements with potential regulatory functions, and have tested their possible implication in autism.MethodsThe presence of retroviral mRNAs from four HERV families (E, H, K and W), widely implicated in complex diseases, was evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from ASD patients and healthy controls (HCs) by qualitative RT-PCR. We also analyzed the expression of the env sequence from HERV-H, HERV-W and HERV-K families in PBMCs at the time of sampling and after stimulation in culture, in both ASD and HC groups, by quantitative Real-time PCR. Differences between groups were evaluated using statistical methods.ResultsThe percentage of HERV-H and HERV-W positive samples was higher among ASD patients compared to HCs, while HERV-K was similarly represented and HERV-E virtually absent in both groups. The quantitative evaluation shows that HERV-H and HERV-W are differentially expressed in the two groups, with HERV-H being more abundantly expressed and, conversely, HERV-W, having lower abundance, in PBMCs from ASDs compared to healthy controls. PMBCs from ASDs also showed an increased potential to up-regulate HERV-H expression upon stimulation in culture, unlike HCs. Furthermore we report a negative correlation between expression levels of HERV-H and age among ASD patients and a statistically significant higher expression in ASD patients with Severe score in Communication and Motor Psychoeducational Profile-3.ConclusionsSpecific HERV families have a distinctive expression profile in ASD patients compared to HCs. We propose that HERV-H expression be explored in larger samples of individuals with autism spectrum in order to determine its utility as a novel biological trait of this complex disorder.

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“…D'autres études ont révélé la présence de transcrits ou de protéines rétrovirales de HERV-K, HERV-H ou HERV-E dans certaines cellules cancéreuses. Toutefois, les connaissances actuelles ne permettent pas de savoir si l'expression du génome de ces rétrovirus est une cause ou une conséquence du processus oncogénique [35]. [38].…”

Section: Le Pathovirome Endogèneunclassified

Ces virus qui nous habitent et qui nous visitent : le virome humain

Ottmann

2022

Med Sci (Paris)

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Les progrès récents des nouvelles techniques de séquençage ont ouvert la voie au décryptage du virome humain qui peut être défini comme l’ensemble de tous les virus présents dans le corps humain. Ces virus sont de différents types : endogènes, procaryotes, archéaux et eucaryotes. Chaque partie du corps humain constitue un microenvironnement différent et possède donc un virome qui lui est propre. Les infections virales peuvent être catégorisées selon l’issue de la phase aiguë. Jusqu’à récemment, seules les infections symptomatiques étaient étudiées. Cette revue résume l’état actuel de nos connaissances et propose une définition du virome humain sous l’angle des principes de l’écologie, en considérant l’être humain comme un écosystème.

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An alternative approach to medical genetics based on modern evolutionary biology. Part 4: HERVs in cancer

Cited by 10 publications

References 73 publications

Expression of human endogenous retrovirus K is stimulated by ultraviolet radiation in melanoma

Expression of human endogenous retrovirus K is stimulated by ultraviolet radiation in melanoma

HERVs Expression in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Ces virus qui nous habitent et qui nous visitent : le virome humain

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