An all-optical switch employing the cascaded second-order nonlinear effect

Ironside, C. N.; Aitchison, J. S.; Arnold, John M.

doi:10.1109/3.250387

Cited by 87 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The nonlinear susceptibility of graphene [4] is both strong-per atom it is orders of magnitude higher than that of common gapped semiconductors and metals-and controllable by the chemical potential [5,6], which can be tuned by an external gate voltage [7,8] or chemical doping [9]. With the possibilities it offers for integration in siliconbased optical integrated circuits, graphene is an exciting new candidate for enhancing nonlinear optical functionalities in silicon-based on-chip optical devices, such as on-chip broadband light sources, electro-optic modulators [10,11], optical switches [12][13][14], and optical transistors [15,16]. In realizing some of these devices [14], the presence of second-order optical nonlinearities, especially second harmonic generation (SHG), is a key requirement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Third-order nonlinearity of graphene: Effects of phenomenological relaxation and finite temperature

2015

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We investigate the effect of phenomenological relaxation parameters on the third-order optical nonlinearity of doped graphene by perturbatively solving the semiconductor Bloch equation around the Dirac points. An analytic expression for the nonlinear conductivity at zero temperature is obtained under the linear dispersion approximation. With this analytic formula as a starting point, we construct the conductivity at finite temperature and study the optical response to a laser pulse of finite duration. We illustrate the dependence of several nonlinear optical effects, such as third harmonic generation, Kerr effects and two photon absorption, parametric frequency conversion, and two-color coherent current injection, on the relaxation parameters, temperature, and pulse duration. In the special case where one of the electric fields is taken as a dc field, we investigate the dc-currentand dc-field-induced second-order nonlinearities, including dc-current-induced second harmonic generation and difference frequency generation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Third-order nonlinearity of graphene: Effects of phenomenological relaxation and finite temperature

2015

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“…It is essentially a Sagnac-loop interferometer incorporating an intra-loop Kerr nonlinear medium. The Kerr medium can be made directly of χ (3) materials, such as silicon microrings [14] and silica fibers [15,16] or composed effectively of cascaded χ (2) materials, such as lithium-niobate waveguides [17,18]. There are two inputs and two outputs for the signal waves ('target' beams), whose time-domain annihilation operators are labeled asâ 1,2 (t) andb 1,2 (t), respectively,…”

Section: Switch Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum theory of all-optical switching in nonlinear Sagnac interferometers

Huang¹,

Kumar²

2012

New J. Phys.

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Recently, our group demonstrated an ultrafast, low-loss, fiberloop switch based on a nonlinear Sagnac-interferometer design, using which entangled photons were shown to be routed without any measurable degradation in their entanglement fidelity (Hall et al 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 053901). Such a device represents an enabling technology for a rich variety of networked quantum applications. In this paper, we develop a comprehensive quantum theory for such switches in general, i.e. those based on nonlinear Sagnac interferometers, where the in-coupling of quantum noise is carefully modeled. When applied to the fiber-loop switch, the theory shows good agreement with the experimental results without using any fitting parameter. This theory can serve as an important guiding tool for configuring switches of this kind for future quantum networking applications. Contents

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“…The non-linear phase-shift results from cascading of two second-order effects [3][4][5][6][7] . This process has attracted much attention because it allows the development of all-optical devices exploiting the extremely high apparent intensity-dependent refractive index [8][9][10][11] . The effect of cascading, and the resulting considerable non-linear phase-shift are based on large second-order susceptibility χ (2) of noncentrosymmetric materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase-matched second harmonic generation and nonlinear phase shift in a Langmuir-Blodgett film waveguide

Schrader

Flueraru

Motschmann

et al. 2001

Linear and Nonlinear Optics of Organic Materials

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Wave-guides have been prepared as y-type Langmuir-Blodgett multilayers from 2-docosylamino-5-nitropyridine (DCANP) on quartz glass substrates. The tensor elements of the LB-films as determined by polarisation dependent second harmonic generation (SHG) are χ (2) yyy = 18.6 pm/V, χ (2) yxx = 1.5 pm/V, χ (2) yzz = 6.4 pm/V (± 20%). The wave-guides were fabricated in a way that the second-order susceptibility changes sign at the nodal plane of the first-order wave-guide mode for spolarisation. In such wave-guides efficient second harmonic generation (SHG) was reached via mode conversion at a fundamental wavelength near 1064 nm. The conversion efficiency reached the extraordinary high value of 8%/W which corresponds to a normalised conversion efficiency of 3600 %/(W cm 2 ). In addition, interferometric measurements have been carried out to study the non-linear phase-shift which the fundamental beam experiences due to non-linear interaction in the wave-guide. From these experiments an apparent intensity-dependent refractive index n 2 SHG of 2,6 10 -13 cm 2 /W was calculated. This as about 400 times the intensity-dependent refractive as expected from third-order susceptibility of the isotropic material. From that it can be concluded that the main contribution of the intensity-dependent refractive index is connected to cascading of second-order processes.

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An all-optical switch employing the cascaded second-order nonlinear effect

Cited by 87 publications

References 10 publications

Third-order nonlinearity of graphene: Effects of phenomenological relaxation and finite temperature

Third-order nonlinearity of graphene: Effects of phenomenological relaxation and finite temperature

Quantum theory of all-optical switching in nonlinear Sagnac interferometers

Phase-matched second harmonic generation and nonlinear phase shift in a Langmuir-Blodgett film waveguide

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