An algorithm to identify the aetiology of crystalline retinopathy

Abstract

Due to the extensive differential diagnoses and overlapping clinical features, determining the aetiology of a crystalline retinopathy can be challenging. More effective ways are needed to help clinicians isolate the cause of a crystalline retinopathy and determine the appropriate management of concomitant ocular and/or systemic disease. This paper reviews literature on crystalline retinopathy focusing upon the key features of each aetiology, including medical history, laterality, and examination findings. Based on this review, an algorithm was formulated to clinically classify causes of crystalline retinopathy, which may help practising clinicians identify and manage key causes of crystalline retinopathy.

Drugs Causing Crystalline Retinopathy: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment (Tamoxifen, Canthaxanthin, Methoxyflurane, Nitrofurantoin, Talc)

“…Fakat çoğunlukla ek sistemik bulguların ortaya çıkması, tıbbi öykü ve retinal birikintilerin klinik özellikleri ile toksik retinopatilerden ayrımları yapılabilmektedir. [5] Literatürde bildirilen toksik/ilaca bağlı kristalin retinopati yapan ilaçlar şunlardır; Tamoksifen, Kantaksantin, Metoksifluran, Nitrofurantoin, Talk ve diğer bazı nadir ajanlar.…”

Resolution of Crystalline Retinopathy After Kidney Transplant for Hyperoxaluria

“…Crystalline retinopathy carries a large differential diagnosis. Inherited disorders include primary hyperoxalosis, Bietti crystalline dystrophy, cystinosis, and more; exposure to medications, such as methoxyflurane anesthetic or tamoxifen, can cause crystalline retinopathy . After kidney transplant, the retinal and corneal crystals resolved, and the examination has been stable for over 10 years (Figure, B).…”