An Algorithm to Detect Endangered Cultural Heritage by Agricultural Expansion in Drylands at a Global Scale

Conesa, Francesc C.; Orengo, Hector H.; Lobo, Agustín; Petrie, Cameron A.

doi:10.3390/rs15010053

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…The code for running the string simulations with the conditions above, as well as a tutorial and simple system setup and analysis code can be found on GitHub at https://github.com/delemottelab/string-method-swarms-trajectories , (copy archived at swh:1:rev:8a3faf1d0595bc9322d04802bff2812702e7f59a ; Conesa, 2022 ). All simulation parameters of the string simulations were the same as mentioned above, with the exception of GROMACS version (2020.5 instead of 2019.1), and the use of a V-rescale thermostat instead of Nose–Hoover.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of sugar-induced influx in the mammalian fructose transporter GLUT5

McComas

Reichenbach

Mitrovic

et al. 2023

eLife

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In mammals, glucose transporters (GLUT) control organism-wide blood-glucose homeostasis. In human, this is accomplished by 14 different GLUT isoforms, that transport glucose and other monosaccharides with varying substrate preferences and kinetics. Nevertheless, there is little difference between the sugar-coordinating residues in the GLUT proteins and even the malarial Plasmodium falciparum transporter PfHT1, which is uniquely able to transport a wide range of different sugars. PfHT1 was captured in an intermediate ‘occluded’ state, revealing how the extracellular gating helix TM7b has moved to break and occlude the sugar-binding site. Sequence difference and kinetics indicated that the TM7b gating helix dynamics and interactions likely evolved to enable substrate promiscuity in PfHT1, rather than the sugar-binding site itself. It was unclear, however, if the TM7b structural transitions observed in PfHT1 would be similar in the other GLUT proteins. Here, using enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations, we show that the fructose transporter GLUT5 spontaneously transitions through an occluded state that closely resembles PfHT1. The coordination of D-fructose lowers the energetic barriers between the outward- and inward-facing states, and the observed binding mode for D-fructose is consistent with biochemical analysis. Rather than a substrate-binding site that achieves strict specificity by having a high affinity for the substrate, we conclude GLUT proteins have allosterically coupled sugar binding with an extracellular gate that forms the high-affinity transition-state instead. This substrate-coupling pathway presumably enables the catalysis of fast sugar flux at physiological relevant blood-glucose concentrations.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of sugar-induced influx in the mammalian fructose transporter GLUT5

McComas

Reichenbach

Mitrovic

et al. 2023

eLife

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show abstract

“…Considering ACH spatiotemporal data, multi-temporal imagery provides deeper insights into the dynamic alterations of ACH surfaces, elucidating the evolutionary patterns of observed phenomena more effectively than single-temporal remote sensing images. For instance, vegetation maps derived from multi-year indices prove invaluable in detecting and monitoring archaeological and cultural heritage sites in arid regions at risk due to agricultural expansion [210].…”

Section: Towards Big Earth Data-driven Understanding For Achmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of GIS-RS Applications for Archaeological and Cultural Heritage under the DBAR-Heritage Mission

Yao,

Wang,

Luo

et al. 2023

Remote Sensing

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In recent decades, the application of GIS and RS in archaeological and cultural heritage (ACH) has witnessed a notable surge both in terms of quantity and scope. During the initial implementation period (2016–2021) of the Digital Belt and Road Heritage (DBAR-Heritage) working group, several instances of GIS-RS-based applications in support of cultural heritage conservation have merged. In this paper, in order to discuss the great potential of GIS and RS on the Silk Road, an overview of GIS- and RS-based applications in ACH is first presented. In a substantial portion of the published scientific literature, the identification and comprehension of archaeological sites, the monitoring and risk assessment of cultural heritage, and the management and visualization of cultural heritage data are highlighted. Following this, five illustrative case studies from the DBAR-Heritage working group are presented to exemplify how the integration of GIS and RS serves as key approaches in recognizing and appreciating cultural heritage. These selected case studies showcase the utilization of multi-source data for the identification of linear sites; detailed, refined monitoring and assessment of the Angkor Wat heritage; and the reconstruction of the Silk Road routes. These instances serve as the cornerstone for highlighting current trends in GIS and RS applications in ACH along the Silk Road. These methodologies efficiently integrate multi-source geospatial data and employ multidisciplinary approaches, ultimately furnishing sophisticated and intelligent tools for the exploration and management of archaeological and cultural heritage in the era of Big Earth Data. Subsequently, a comprehensive discussion on the merits and challenges of GIS and RS applications in ACH is presented, followed by an exploration of the current application trends. Finally, the prospects for the widespread application of GIS and RS in ACH along the Silk Road are outlined in accordance with the operational plan of DBAR-Heritage during its second implementation phase.

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“…Earth observation has become a crucial tool for assessing land degradation as well as mapping paleo-landscapes 22,23 and threats to heritage sites and landscapes [24][25][26][27] . Orengo et al pioneered the use of multi-sensor classification in their work to detect archaeological mound settlements in Pakistan 28 .…”

Section: Mapping Traditional Cultivation and Land Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting desertification in the ancient oases of southern Morocco

Rayne,

Brandolini,

Makovics

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Understanding what led to desertification in the long-term is crucial for adaptation to climate change and pressures on resources in North Africa, but existing maps do not accurately show the extent of degraded land or the traditional water systems which underpinned cultivation. These products rely on recent vegetation trends and hindcasted statistical data. Desertification which occurred prior to the later twentieth century is poorly represented, if at all. However, large areas of abandoned fields are distinctive in satellite imagery as brightly reflectant and smooth surfaces. We present a new and open-source machine-learning workflow for detecting desertification using satellite data. We used Google Earth Engine and the random forest algorithm to classify five landcover categories including a class representing desertified fields. The input datasets comprised training polygons, a 12-band Sentinel-2 composite and derived tasselled cap components, and a Sentinel-1 VV-polarisation composite. We test our approach for a case study of Skoura oasis in southern Morocco with a resulting accuracy of 74–76% for the desertification class. We used image interpretation and archaeological survey to map the traditional irrigation systems which supply the oasis.

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An Algorithm to Detect Endangered Cultural Heritage by Agricultural Expansion in Drylands at a Global Scale

Cited by 7 publications

References 79 publications

Determinants of sugar-induced influx in the mammalian fructose transporter GLUT5

Determinants of sugar-induced influx in the mammalian fructose transporter GLUT5

An Overview of GIS-RS Applications for Archaeological and Cultural Heritage under the DBAR-Heritage Mission

Detecting desertification in the ancient oases of southern Morocco

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