“…For examples of recent research, see Morris and Showalter (1983), Easton and Rossin (1991), Bechtold et al (1991), Ryan (1992), Brusco andJohns (1995, 1996), Lau (1996), Narasimhan (1996), Langerman and Ehlers (1997), Caprara et al (1997), Beaumont (1997), Brusco (1998), Alfares (1998), Higgins (1998), Teodorović and Lučić (1998), Aykin (2000), Yan and Tu (2002), Yan et al (2004Yan et al ( , 2006aYan et al ( , 2006bYan et al ( , 2008aYan et al ( , 2008b. Of these, Yan et al (2008b) developed several deterministic models for mass rapid transit carriage maintenance manpower supply plans, which is more closely related to our research.…”