An Air-Cooled YASA Motor for in-Wheel Electric Vehicle Applications

In-wheel motors present a range of opportunities for innovation in electric vehicle design as the torque produced at each of two or four wheels can be controlled individually. A high aspect ratio (large radius, short axial length) motor is required to fit within the wheel. Due to its location, liquid cooling of the inwheel motor is difficult and undesirable, but a high power density is required to reduce the mass-which is particularly important as it is unsprung-and fit the space envelope. Furthermore, a high torque density is required to eliminate the need for a gearbox. These constraints create a real challenge for the design of a machine for this application. An axial field machine using a Yokeless and Segmented Armature (YASA) topology is designed to fit these requirements as such a machine has clear advantages when considering the high aspect ratio. A soft magnetic composite (SMC) material is utilised to carry the flux in its non-planar path without incurring excessive losses or requiring a lamination design which is difficult and expensive to manufacture. A novel cooling arrangement involving heat-spreading elements on each armature segment is employed to improve heat dissipation and hence power density. The design, analysis, manufacturing, and testing of the motor is described in this paper to verify the concept against the requirements outlined above.

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“…This article builds on previous work reported in [14] with additional thermal simulation and experimental results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

An Air-Cooled YASA Motor for in-Wheel Electric Vehicle Applications

Winterborne

Stannard

Sjöberg

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. on Ind. Applicat.

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“…It was observed that fins provide an excellent thermal path (refer Fig. 18) [67]. In addition, Federico Marcolini et al confirmed that direct oil cooling improves power and torque density compared to indirect water cooling (refer Fig.…”

Section: B Stator Winding Coolingmentioning

confidence: 94%

Review on Thermal Behavior and Cooling Aspects of Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Motors–A Mechanical Approach

2023

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With the increasing demand for high-energy density motors for applications such as electric vehicles and aircraft propulsion, axial flux permanent magnet motors are promising. However, utmost care should be taken when designing an axial flux permanent magnet motor with a higher torque density because of thermal effects. To enhance the reliability and overall performance of a motor, efficient thermal management is important, because the torque density is restricted by maximum temperature. Therefore, this study comprehensively reviews different techniques used for the thermal modeling of motors. Computational fluid dynamics, the lumped parameter method, and finite element analysis were used to calculate the total heat transfer inside the motor. Various heat enhancement techniques for an axial flux permanent magnet motor have been presented, including core cooling (water jacket cooling, air cooling, and oil cooling) and winding cooling (direct slot cooling, end winding cooling, and fins). Finally, two case studies of an 8kW AFPM motor and a 65kW AFPM motor with a cooling arrangement are discussed.

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“…The study was conducted at a continuous rated operation of 1250 RPM at 40 A and 76.5 N m, and peak performance is not mentioned in the study. [78] designed and verified an air-cooled YASA AFPM motor. To enhance heat dissipation and power density, the novel cooling system utilized aluminum heat-spreading components on each armature section.…”

Section: Air Coolingmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-Wheel Motor Drive Systems for Electric Vehicles: State of the Art, Challenges, and Future Trends

et al. 2023

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Recently, there has been significant attention given to the electrification of transportation due to concerns about fossil fuel depletion and environmental pollution. Conventional drive systems typically include a clutch, reduction gear, and mechanical differential, which results in power loss, noise, vibration, and additional maintenance. However, in-wheel motor drive technology eliminates the need for these components, providing benefits such as higher system efficiency, improved wheel control, and increased passenger comfort. This article offers a comprehensive review of the technology and development of in-wheel motor drives. It begins with an overview of in-wheel motor drives in electric vehicles, followed by an exploration of the types of electric motors suitable for in-wheel motor drives. The paper then presents an industrial state of the art of in-wheel motors, comparing them with conventional motor drives, and reviews the implemented power electronics, control system, and cooling systems. Finally, the paper concludes by providing an outlook on the challenges and future trends of in-wheel drive systems.

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An Air-Cooled YASA Motor for in-Wheel Electric Vehicle Applications

Cited by 9 publications

References 13 publications

An Air-Cooled YASA Motor for in-Wheel Electric Vehicle Applications

An Air-Cooled YASA Motor for in-Wheel Electric Vehicle Applications

Review on Thermal Behavior and Cooling Aspects of Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Motors–A Mechanical Approach

In-Wheel Motor Drive Systems for Electric Vehicles: State of the Art, Challenges, and Future Trends

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