An aeromagnetic survey of Shinmoe-dake volcano, Kirishima, Japan, after the 2011 eruption using an unmanned autonomous helicopter

Koyama, Takao; Kaneko, Takayuki; Ohminato, Takao; Yanagisawa, Takatoshi; Watanabe, Atsushi; Takeo, Minoru

doi:10.5047/eps.2013.03.005

Cited by 28 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Recent developments in drone technology (in terms of both physical capability and user‐accessibility) have been matched by a drive toward increasingly lightweight and compact sensor payloads, such that the resulting Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) are rapidly becoming “go‐to” solutions for a wide range of volcanological applications. UAS are driving the greatest advances in those fields requiring either proximal measurements in extreme environments or large areal coverage, including lava flow mapping, constructing topographic models, and eruptive volume estimations (Darmawan et al, ; Favalli et al, ; Moussallam et al, ; Müller et al, ; Nakano et al, ; Turner et al, ), post‐eruption visual observation (Koyama et al, ), thermal imaging (Di Stefano et al, ), aeromagnetic surveys (Hashimoto et al, ; Kaneko et al, ), DOAS traverses for SO 2 flux determination, and volcanic gas measurements and sampling (Diaz et al, ; Di Stefano et al, ; McGonigle et al, ; Mori et al, ; Pieri et al, ; Rüdiger et al, ; Shinohara, ; Stix et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Outgassing and Plume Transport Revealed by Proximal Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) Measurements at Volcán Villarrica, Chile

Liu

Wood

Mason

et al. 2019

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Volcanic gas emissions are intimately linked to the dynamics of magma ascent and outgassing and, on geological time scales, constitute an important source of volatiles to the Earth's atmosphere. Measurements of gas composition and flux are therefore critical to both volcano monitoring and to determining the contribution of volcanoes to global geochemical cycles. However, significant gaps remain in our global inventories of volcanic emissions, (particularly for CO 2 , which requires proximal sampling of a concentrated plume) for those volcanoes where the near-vent region is hazardous or inaccessible. Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) provide a robust and effective solution to proximal sampling of dense volcanic plumes in extreme volcanic environments. Here we present gas compositional data acquired using a gas sensor payload aboard a UAS flown at Volcán Villarrica, Chile. We compare UAS-derived gas time series to simultaneous crater rim multi-GAS data and UV camera imagery to investigate early plume evolution. SO 2 concentrations measured in the young proximal plume exhibit periodic variations that are well correlated with the concentrations of other species. By combining molar gas ratios (CO 2 /SO 2 = 1.48-1.68, H 2 O/SO 2 = 67-75, and H 2 O/CO 2 = 45-51) with the SO 2 flux (142 ± 17 t/day) from UV camera images, we derive CO 2 and H 2 O fluxes of~150 t/day and~2,850 t/day, respectively. We observe good agreement between time-averaged molar gas ratios obtained from simultaneous UAS-and ground-based multi-GAS acquisitions. However, the UAS measurements made in the young, less diluted plume reveal additional short-term periodic structure that reflects active degassing through discrete, audible gas exhalations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Outgassing and Plume Transport Revealed by Proximal Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) Measurements at Volcán Villarrica, Chile

Liu

Wood

Mason

et al. 2019

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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“…Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) are increasingly used for small‐scale (<10 km 2 ) high‐resolution magnetic surveys in part because they offer reduced mobilization time and operating costs compared to traditional manned airborne surveys (Funaki and Hirasawa ; Eck and Imbach ; Koyama et al . ; Hashimoto et al . ; Macharet et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) are increasingly used for small-scale (<10 km 2 ) high-resolution magnetic surveys in part because they offer reduced mobilization time and operating costs compared to traditional manned airborne surveys (Funaki and Hirasawa 2008;Eck and Imbach 2012;Koyama et al 2013;Hashimoto et al 2014;Macharet et al 2016;Wood et al 2016;Malehmir et al 2017;Cunningham et al 2018;Parshin et al 2018;Parvar et al 2018) and offer faster * E-mail: loughlin.tuck@carleton.ca data collection at lower cost per kilometer than ground surveys (Parshin et al 2018). The interference generated by the UAS on the recorded magnetic data is a major impediment for further penetration into the commercial market.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been reports of levels of interference beyond those accepted in the manned airborne industry (e.g. Coyle et al 2014) up to 3 m away from a UAS (Koyama et al 2013;Parvar 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A simple method to mitigate magnetic interference effects is to increase the distance between the magnetometer and the sources of interference by suspending it on a long cable beneath the UAS (Kaneko et al 2011;Koyama et al 2013;Malehmir et al 2017;Parvar et al 2018). This can prove problematic as this design can introduce directional and positional errors and increase the risk of impact to the magnetometer (Kaneko et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Real‐time compensation of magnetic data acquired by a single‐rotor unmanned aircraft system

Tuck

Samson

Polowick

et al. 2019

Geophysical Prospecting

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Two methods for low‐altitude calibration of a single‐rotor unmanned aircraft system using a real‐time compensator are tested: (1) a stationary calibration where the unmanned aircraft system executes manoeuvres while hovering in order to minimize ambient field changes due to the local geology; and (2) an adapted box calibration flown in four orthogonal directions. Both methods use two compensator‐specific limits derived from established methods for manned airborne calibration: the lowest frequency used by the compensator for the calibration algorithm and the maximum variation of the ambient magnetic intensity experienced by the unmanned aircraft system during calibration. Prior to flying, the unmanned aircraft system was magnetically characterized using the heading error and fourth difference. Magnetic interference was mitigated by extending the magnetometer‐unmanned aircraft system separation distance to 1.7 m, shielding, and demagnetization. The stationary calibration yielded an improvement ratio of 8.595 and a standard deviation of the compensated total magnetic intensity of 0.075 nT (estimated Figure‐of‐Merit of 3.8 nT). The box calibration also yielded an improvement ratio of 3.989 and a standard deviation of the compensated total magnetic intensity of 0.083 nT (estimated Figure‐of‐Merit of 4.2 nT). The stationary and box calibration solutions were robust with low cross‐correlation indexes (1.090 and 1.048, respectively) when applied to a non‐native data set.

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Airborne measurements of volcanic gas composition during unrest at Kuchinoerabujima volcano, Japan

et al. 2019

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An aeromagnetic survey of Shinmoe-dake volcano, Kirishima, Japan, after the 2011 eruption using an unmanned autonomous helicopter

Cited by 28 publications

References 20 publications

Dynamics of Outgassing and Plume Transport Revealed by Proximal Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) Measurements at Volcán Villarrica, Chile

Dynamics of Outgassing and Plume Transport Revealed by Proximal Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) Measurements at Volcán Villarrica, Chile

Real‐time compensation of magnetic data acquired by a single‐rotor unmanned aircraft system

Airborne measurements of volcanic gas composition during unrest at Kuchinoerabujima volcano, Japan

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