Airborne measurements of volcanic gas composition during unrest at Kuchinoerabujima volcano, Japan

Kazahaya, Ryunosuke; Shinohara, Hiroshi; Ohminato, Takao; Kaneko, Takayuki

doi:10.1007/s00445-018-1262-9

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…This indicated a phreatic origin for the explosive activity [Mori et al 2016]. Similarly, during a period of unrest between 2014 and 2016 at Kuchinoerabujima volcano, Japan, airborne Multi-GAS measurements using UAS documented a decline in SO 2 /H 2 S molar ratio from 10 in December 2014 to 1.9 in March 2016 [Kazahaya et al 2019]. This gas ratio time-series reflected progressive conduit sealing and a return to a background degassing regime characterised by strong hydrothermal interaction [Kazahaya et al 2019].…”

Section: Supporting Monitoring During Unrest and Activitymentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In situ gas composition measurements can be carried out by miniaturised, pumped analyser systems for multiple gas species, which include electrochemical sensors for sulphur species (SO 2 and H 2 S) and non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) sensors for CO 2 and CH 4 [e.g. Di Kazahaya et al 2019;McGonigle et al 2008;Mori et al 2016;Rüdiger et al 2018;Shinohara 2013;Syahbana et al 2019]. Miniaturised mass spectrometer systems are also under development but their power requirements, and need for associated electronics and vacuum systems, results in instruments aimed at payload capabilities of either 3-5 kg or up to 20-50 kg for the full configuration .…”

Section: Gas Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The efficiency of fixed-wing designs usually make them the platform of choice for missions that require long durations or distances to a survey area, although some combustion-powered helicopters have multi-kilometre ranges with multi-kilogram payloads (Table 2). Generally, battery-powered systems have less endurance than those using combustion engines but, for in situ gas sampling, battery-powered UAS are considered preferable to eliminate potential contamination of samples from exhaust products [Kazahaya et al 2019]. For geophysical surveys (e.g.…”

Section: System Characteristics and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…a scanning spectrometer) or coarse aerial mapping surveys using a smaller vehicle (with gas analyser), and used to directly inform subsequent flight paths. If the mission is over sufficiently long distances that a combustion-powered vehicle is required, flight planning of sampling or measurement paths must be designed to avoid contamination from CO 2 and H 2 in combustion exhaust gases [Kazahaya et al 2019]. The type of sensor being used will determine whether the aircraft must be flown through the plume (e.g.…”

Section: In Situ Measurement and Sampling Missionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The importance of frequent, regular measurements is underscored by abrupt changes in gas composition occurring immediately prior to significant shifts in eruptive behaviour, such as the initiation of large 'paroxysmal' eruptions [Aiuppa et al 2017a;Aiuppa et al 2007;Werner et al 2013], or as precursors to oth-erwise unanticipated phreatic/phreatomagmatic eruptions [de Moor et al 2019]. UAS equipped with miniaturised gas sensing instrumentation (see Subsection 2.2.3; Figure 2A, Figure 15) are now bridging the gap between direct measurements and remote sensing observations, enabling repeatable, proximal measurements from ranges >5 km Diaz et al 2015;Kazahaya et al 2019;Liu et al 2019;Mori et al 2016;Pieri et al 2013a;Rüdiger et al 2018;Schellenberg et al 2019;Shinohara 2013;Stix et al 2018b;Syahbana et al 2019;Xi et al 2016]. Topographic changes include a ground subsidence associated with a long-term lava lake level drop during that period and cones of debris located at the foot of gullies and cliffs.…”

Section: Volcanic Plumesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Volcanological applications of unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS): Developments, strategies, and future challenges

James

Carr²,

D'Arcy³

et al. 2020

Volcanica

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Unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS) are developing into fundamental tools for tackling the grand challenges in volcanology; here, we review the systems used and their diverse applications. UAS can typically provide image and topographic data at two orders of magnitude better spatial resolution than space-based remote sensing, and close-range observations at temporal resolutions down to those of video frame rates. Responsive deployments facilitate dense time-series measurements, unique opportunities for geophysical surveys, sample collection from hostile environments such as volcanic plumes and crater lakes, and emergency deployment of ground-based sensors (and robots) into hazardous regions. UAS have already been used to support hazard management and decisionmakers during eruptive crises. As technologies advance, increased system capabilities, autonomy, and availabilitysupported by more diverse and lighter-weight sensors-will offer unparalleled potential for hazard monitoring. UAS are expected to provide opportunities for pivotal advances in our understanding of complex physical and chemical volcanic processes. Non-technical SummaryUnoccupied aircraft systems (UAS) are developing into essential tools for understanding and monitoring volcanoes. UAS can typically provide much more detailed imagery and 3-D maps of the Earth's surface, and more frequently, than satellites are able to. They can also make measurements and collect samples for geochemical analysis from hazardous regions such as volcanic plumes and near active vents. Through being quick to deploy, they offer key advantages during initial stages of volcano unrest as well as throughout eruptions. Data from UAS have already been used to support hazard management and decision-makers during crises. In the future, UAS will become increasingly capable of flying longer and more complex missions, more autonomously and with more sophisticated sensors, and are likely to become key components of broader sensor networks for monitoring and research.

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Section: Supporting Monitoring During Unrest and Activitymentioning

confidence: 94%