Variation of volcanic gas composition at a poorly accessible volcano: Sakurajima, Japan

Shinohara, Hiroshi; Kazahaya, Ryunosuke; Ohminato, Takao; Kaneko, Takayuki; Tsunogai, Urumu; Morita, Masaaki

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2020.107098

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The H 2 O and CO 2 contents should be consistent with the melt inclusion data provided by Araya et al (2019). In addition, the weight ratio of H 2 O/CO 2 in the parental melt should be equal to that in the volcanic gas of about 30-72 (Shinohara et al 2020), because the magma is expected to be completely degassed at the shallow level due to the magma convection in the conduit. We thus chose the the H 2 O and CO 2 contents of 4.0 wt.…”

Section: Density Of Degassed and Non-degassed Magmasupporting

confidence: 67%

“…In the above equation, we set W SO2 to 5.72 × 10 8 kg/yr, according to the average SO 2 flux observed at Sakurajima from 1975 to 1992 (approximately 1600 ton/day; Mori et al ( 2013)). We also set H 2 O/SO 2 to 50, as the median of 30-70 in Table 2 of Shinohara et al (2020). C H2O was calculated with the Rhyolite-MELTS software to be 0.0386 (i.e., 3.86 wt.…”

Section: Mass Of Degassed Magma Accumulated In the Shallower Chambermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magma mass increase under Sakurajima Volcano, Japan, inferred from campaign relative gravity and leveling data from 1975 to 1992: An interpretation from volcanic gas studies

Oyanagi

Kazama

Kazahaya

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Temporal variations of volume and mass in the magma chambers of Sakurajima Volcano were modeled using leveling and relative gravity data collected around the volcano during the eruptive period from 1975 to 1992, to reveal a physical mechanism for the excessive gravity increase observed at the volcano. The following two deflation sources were estimated from the leveling data: a deeper source of -4.2 ×106 m3/yr located 8000 m deep beneath Aira Caldera, and a shallower source of -7.25 × 105 m3/yr located 3600 m deep beneath the center of Sakurajima Volcano. These deflation sources cannot fully explain the gravity increase of up to 15.75 microGal/yr observed at the volcano, because a gravity increase of only <3.27 microGal/yr is expected from the two deflation sources. After the effect of the deflation sources was subtracted from the observed gravity change, the residual gravity of up to 12.48 microGal/yr was then modeled by a point mass increase under the volcano. The estimated rate of the mass increase was 4.50 × 1010 kg/yr, and the position of the point mass agreed with that of the shallower magma chamber within its error range. This result suggests that the shallower magma chamber gained mass despite the chamber deflation during the 1975-1992 eruptive period, and can be quantitatively explained by the accumulation of degassed magma in the shallower chamber. Our modeling results also suggest the importance of gravimetry in addition to crustal deformation observations in quantifying the rate of magma mass supply, because the magma supply to the deeper chamber was calculated to be +5.39 × 1010 kg/yr from the gravity and leveling data, which is six times greater than that calculated from the leveling data only.

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Section: Density Of Degassed and Non-degassed Magmasupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Mass Of Degassed Magma Accumulated In the Shallower Chambermentioning

confidence: 99%

Magma mass increase under Sakurajima Volcano, Japan, inferred from campaign relative gravity and leveling data from 1975 to 1992: An interpretation from volcanic gas studies

Oyanagi

Kazama

Kazahaya

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Our UAS gas sensing flights enabled the first measurements of gas composition and CO 2 outgassing from Bagana's otherwise inaccessible summit. The great potential of UAS in volcanic gas monitoring and research is evident (James et al., 2020; Liu, Aiuppa, et al., 2020; Pering et al., 2020; Shinohara et al., 2020; Stix et al., 2018). In particular, flying beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) enables safe access to volcanic plumes from a distance of several kilometres, removing the need to climb unstable edifices to access summit vents directly (Liu, Aiuppa, et al., 2020; Schellenberg et al., 2019; Wood et al., 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Variability in Gas Emissions at Bagana Volcano Revealed by Aerial, Ground, and Satellite Observations

McCormick

Nicholson

Wood

et al. 2023

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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Bagana volcano, located on Bougainville Island in southeastern Papua New Guinea (6.137°S, 155.196°E; 1,855 m a.s.l.), is among the most active volcanoes on Earth with a record of semi-continuous lava extrusion stretching back to at least the mid-nineteenth century (Bultitude, 1976). Bagana may also be one of the youngest of Earth's active volcanoes; recent estimates suggest that the modern edifice may have grown in only 300-500 years (Wadge et al., 2018). Satellite observations over the past two decades indicate that Bagana is a prodigious source of sulfur

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Development of a drone-borne volcanic plume sampler

Shingubara

Tsunogai

Ito

et al. 2021

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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Variation of volcanic gas composition at a poorly accessible volcano: Sakurajima, Japan

Cited by 4 publications

References 49 publications

Magma mass increase under Sakurajima Volcano, Japan, inferred from campaign relative gravity and leveling data from 1975 to 1992: An interpretation from volcanic gas studies

Magma mass increase under Sakurajima Volcano, Japan, inferred from campaign relative gravity and leveling data from 1975 to 1992: An interpretation from volcanic gas studies

Temporal Variability in Gas Emissions at Bagana Volcano Revealed by Aerial, Ground, and Satellite Observations

Development of a drone-borne volcanic plume sampler

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