An additive manufacturing‐based3Dprinted poly ɛ‐caprolactone/alginate sulfate/extracellular matrix construct for nasal cartilage regeneration

Abstract

Various composite scaffolds with different fabrication techniques have been applied in cartilage tissue engineering. In this study, poly ϵ-caprolactone (PCL) was printed by fused deposition modeling method, and the prepared scaffold was filled with Alginate (Alg): Alginate-Sulfate (Alg-Sul) hydrogel to provide a better biomimetic environment and emulate the structure of glycosaminoglycans properly. Furthermore, to enhance chondrogenesis, different concentrations of decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) were added to the hydrogel. For cellular analyses, the adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were seeded on the hydrogel and the results of MTT assay, live/ dead staining, and SEM images revealed that the scaffold with 1% dECM had better viscosity, cell viability, and proliferation. The study was conducted on the optimized scaffold (1% dECM) to determine mechanical characteristics, chondrogenic differentiation, and results demonstrated that the scaffold showed mechanical similarity to the native nasal cartilage tissue along with possessing appropriate biochemical features, which makes this new formulation based on PCL/dECM/Alg:Alg-Sul a promising candidate for further in-vivo studies.

Chitosan‐Placental ECM Composite Thermos‐Responsive Hydrogel as a Biomimetic Wound Dressing with Angiogenic Property

“…For this purpose, the freezedried hydrogels were weighed (W 0 ), then immersed in SBF solution at 37 °C, and then shaken at 37 °C for 30 consecutive days. The weight loss (%) in each time interval (1,5,10,15,20,25, and 30 days) was recorded, and the samples were removed, rinsed with DW, and dried at 25 °C for 72 h. Finally, the dried samples were weighed (W t ). The weight loss (%) was calculated using the following equation (Equation ( 1)):…”

“…[4,5,12] Among the additive biomaterials, natural tissue ECM has been reported by many studies to be an excellent option for endowing many biological characteristics to the fabricated composites. [13][14][15] Until present, no research has been conducted on the fabrication of TCTS hydrogels loaded with different concentrations of human placenta ECM (pECM) for effective smart hydrogels for wound dressing applications. In the current study, the human pECM, as a biological additive, was incorporated into the TCTS.…”

“…[ 4,5,12 ] Among the additive biomaterials, natural tissue ECM has been reported by many studies to be an excellent option for endowing many biological characteristics to the fabricated composites. [ 13–15 ]…”

Decellularized ECM hydrogels: prior use considerations, applications, and opportunities in tissue engineering and biofabrication

“…Incorporating dECM hydrogels into specifically designed structures made up of supporting materials that do not necessarily interact chemically with the dECM hydrogel but provide a scaffold for dECM to be deposited on has been also explored. [279][280][281] The incorporation of polycaprolactone (PCL) as a supporting material into dECM hydrogels has been previously reported. 42,278,282 Although codeposited PCL scaffolds can have a controlled shape, mesh structure, and stiffness, its deposition requires preheating the nozzle at temperatures above 60 °C, which can decrease cell viability in the final structure.…”

Evaluation of polyglycolic acid as an animal-free biomaterial for three-dimensional culture of human endometrial cells

“…Recent advancements in tissue engineering have led to the development of 3D tissue constructs utilizing matrices and a scaffold-based approach. A scaffold provides a mechanical framework that mimics the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition for cell growth [3][4][5][6][7]. Developing 3D cell culture models improves the ability to investigate the cellular and molecular features of tissue function and allows more accurate research on therapeutics [8].…”