An acute bout of endurance exercise but not sprint interval exercise enhances insulin sensitivity

Brestoff, Jonathan R.; Clippinger, Benjamin; Spinella, Thomas; Duvillard, Serge Von; Nindl, Bradley; Arciero, Paul J.

doi:10.1139/h08-126

Cited by 37 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Astonishingly, this new formula turned out to well reflect ISI-HOMA (Table 1), which was described as a reliable hepatic insulin sensitivity surrogate (26,27). From this novel formula, we found an amelioration of basal hepatic insulin sensitivity in post-OP, when compared with pre-OP conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…HGP and measures/surrogates of insulin sensitivity, such as glucose infusion rates, M value ( M ), whole-body insulin sensitivity ( M / I ), the Clamp-Like Index (CLIX), and insulin sensitivity index/homeostatic model assessment (ISI-HOMA; best suited for assessing hepatic insulin sensitivity) (26,27), were calculated as previously described (3,6,18–25,28) (see also Supplementary Methods and Supplementary Fig. 1 A and B ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alterations in Gastrointestinal, Endocrine, and Metabolic Processes After Bariatric Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery

et al. 2012

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OBJECTIVEObesity leads to severe long-term complications and reduced life expectancy. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery induces excessive and continuous weight loss in (morbid) obesity, although it causes several abnormal anatomical and physiological conditions.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSTo distinctively unveil effects of RYGB surgery on β-cell function and glucose turnover in skeletal muscle, liver, and gut, nondiabetic, morbidly obese patients were studied before (pre-OP, five female/one male, BMI: 49 ± 3 kg/m2, 43 ± 2 years of age) and 7 ± 1 months after (post-OP, BMI: 37 ± 3 kg/m2) RYGB surgery, compared with matching obese (CONob, five female/one male, BMI: 34 ± 1 kg/m2, 48 ± 3 years of age) and lean controls (CONlean, five female/one male, BMI: 22 ± 0 kg/m2, 42 ± 2 years of age). Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs), hyperinsulinemic-isoglycemic clamp tests, and mechanistic mathematical modeling allowed determination of whole-body insulin sensitivity (M/I), OGTT and clamp test β-cell function, and gastrointestinal glucose absorption.RESULTSPost-OP lost (P < 0.0001) 35 ± 3 kg body weight. M/I increased after RYGB, becoming comparable to CONob, but remaining markedly lower than CONlean (P < 0.05). M/I tightly correlated (τ = −0.611, P < 0.0001) with fat mass. During OGTT, post-OP showed ≥15% reduced plasma glucose from 120 to 180 min (≤4.5 mmol/L), and 29-fold elevated active glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) dynamic areas under the curve, which tightly correlated (r = 0.837, P < 0.001) with 84% increased β-cell secretion. Insulinogenic index (0–30 min) in post-OP was ≥29% greater (P < 0.04). At fasting, post-OP showed approximately halved insulin secretion (P < 0.05 vs. pre-OP). Insulin-stimulated insulin secretion in post-OP was 52% higher than before surgery, but 1–2 pmol/min2 lower than in CONob/CONlean (P < 0.05). Gastrointestinal glucose absorption was comparable in pre-OP and post-OP, but 9–26% lower from 40 to 90 min in post-OP than in CONob/CONlean (P < 0.04).CONCLUSIONSRYGB surgery leads to decreased plasma glucose concentrations in the third OGTT hour and exaggerated β-cell function, for which increased GLP-1 release seems responsible, whereas gastrointestinal glucose absorption remains unchanged but lower than in matching controls.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations in Gastrointestinal, Endocrine, and Metabolic Processes After Bariatric Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery

et al. 2012

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“…Exercise training is recorded as an effective method for both the prevention and the reversal of insulin resistance; however, how exercise training ameliorates insulin resistance is still unknown [22,23] . Swimming exercise is an aerobic exercise that uses large-muscle groups [24,25] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise Training Prevents Age-induced Insulin Resistance in Rats: Effect on Circulating Catecholamines, Inflammatory Cytokines and Skeletal Muscle Glut4 Transporters

El-Gohary¹

2017

Am. J. Biomed. Sci.

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The incidence of insulin resistance increases with age. This work tested the effect of exercise on ageinduced insulin resistance and the possible involved mechanisms. Six groups of rats were used: 4 months old, 14 months old and 24 months old, either with and without exercise training. Swimming exercise training was performed 2h/day, 5days/week for 6 weeks. Insulin resistance was assessed by measuring serum glucose, serum insulin and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index. Serum levels of catecholamines, inflammatory cytokines and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) together with skeletal muscle Glut4 mRNA expression were assessed. Aged rats developed insulin resistance associated with increased serum catecholamines and inflammatory cytokine levels, decreased serum TAC and suppression of skeletal muscle Glut4 expressions. Exercise training reversed the developed insulin resistance and restored the values of catecholamines, inflammatory cytokines and skeletal muscle Glut4; however, it did not modify TAC. It was concluded that exercise could reverse aging-induced insulin resistance in rats by decreasing catecholamines and inflammatory cytokines production and also by increasing Glut4 expression in skeletal muscles.

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“…Exercise training is recognized as an effective prescription for both the prevention and the reversal of insulin resistance (IR); however, it is still unknown how exercise training ameliorates IR [3,4]. Adipose is not only the important target tissue of insulin but also an endocrine organ that can secrete multiple cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of exercise training on insulin resistance and TNF-α in high-fat diet rats

et al. 2009

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This study investigated the effect of exercise training on insulin resistance and serum and adipose TNF-α in high-fat diet-induced insulin-resistant rats. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: normal control group (NC; n = 8) that accepted normal chow and high-fat diet group (HF; n = 22) that fed on high-fat diet to induce insulin resistance model. The HF group was randomly assigned to two subgroups after 18 weeks: sedentary group (SE; n = 10) and exercise training group (ET; n = 12) that performed swimming exercise training for 6 weeks, while both groups continued high-fat diet. Changes of body weight, lipid profile, and fasting plasma glucose and insulin were measured. The insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was calculated. Serum concentration of TNF-α was detected by ELISA. The expression of TNF-α mRNA and protein in adipose tissue was examined by using realtime fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot, respectively. After 18 weeks, compared with the NC group, body weight, blood lipid, glucose, and insulin in the HF group were significantly elevated, while the ISI decreased obviously, which suggested that insulin resistance appeared in the HF group. After exercise training for 6 weeks, compared with the SE group, both ISI and serum TNF-α concentration in the ET group were decreased significantly; however, the expression levels of TNF-α mRNA and protein in adipose tissue increased by 27.5% and 20.5%, respectively. In conclusion, exercise training ameliorates insulin resistance. The reduction of the level of serum TNF-α and the increased expression of TNF-α in adipose tissue by exercise training may be involved in this mechanism.

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An acute bout of endurance exercise but not sprint interval exercise enhances insulin sensitivity

Cited by 37 publications

References 39 publications

Alterations in Gastrointestinal, Endocrine, and Metabolic Processes After Bariatric Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery

Alterations in Gastrointestinal, Endocrine, and Metabolic Processes After Bariatric Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery

Exercise Training Prevents Age-induced Insulin Resistance in Rats: Effect on Circulating Catecholamines, Inflammatory Cytokines and Skeletal Muscle Glut4 Transporters

Role of exercise training on insulin resistance and TNF-α in high-fat diet rats

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