Exercise Training Prevents Age-induced Insulin Resistance in Rats: Effect on Circulating Catecholamines, Inflammatory Cytokines and Skeletal Muscle Glut4 Transporters

El-Gohary, Ola A

doi:10.5099/aj170300127

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…The principle glucose transporter mediating this uptake is GLUT-4, hence it is a key determinant of glucose disposal [65] . Our results showed that GLUT 4 mRNA expression was significantly decreased in aged versus YC rats, which agree previous studies linking aging induced IR with defective skeletal muscle mRNA expression [94,114] . Several researches reported that the level of GLUT4 mRNA expression in skeletal muscle regulates total body glucose homeostasis and correlated with muscle glucose uptake capacity and whole body glucose disposal [115,116] .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Vit D3 versus L Carnitine Supplement in Alleviating Age-Related Insulin Resistance in A Naturally Aging Rat Model

Atef

2019

The Medical Journal of Cairo University

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Background: Insulin Resistance (IR) has long been recognized as a characteristic of aging. Many studies recorded beneficial roles of Vitamin D3 (VD3) and L-Carnitine (LC) in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Aim of Study:To evaluate the role of VD3 versus LC in attenuating the age-related IR in a naturally aging rat model, clarifying their possible underlying mechanisms.Material and methods: Rats were divided into 4 groups; Young Control (YC), aged group, VD3-treated aged group (VD3-aged) and LC-treated aged group (LC-aged). Experimental procedures included measurement of body weight, Body Mass Index (BMI) and Oral Glucose Tolerance Tests (OGTT). The Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index was also calculated. Assays of fasting serum glucose and insulin levels as well as serum tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and adiponectin levels were performed. Moreover, skeletal muscle Sirtuin-1 (SIRT-1), Triglycerides (TGs) and TNFa levels alongside with the glucose transporter-4 (GLUt4) mRNA expression were assessed.Results: Compared to YC rats, aged rats exhibited significant increase in fasting serum insulin and HOMA-IR as well as an abnormal OGTT. Serum TNFa and IL-6 levels were significantly increased, whereas serum adiponectin level was significantly decreased in old rats. Furthermore, the SIRT1 levels and GLUT 4 mRNA expression were significantly lower, whereas the TGs and TNF-a were significantly higher in skeletal muscle of aged rats compared to YC ones. On the other hand, these parameters, were equally and significantly attenuated in VD3 and LC supplemented rats compared to non-treated age matched group, except for the skeletal muscle SIRT-1 level which could be elevated only by VD3, while the anti-inflammatory and TGs lowering effects of LC were more prominent than VD3. Nevertheless, the overall effect of VD3 and LC on IR-related parameters were nearly equal. Conclusion:Both VD3 or LC administrations were equally effective in alleviating the age-related IR, thus may provide a possible therapeutic intervention in the aging population. 3673 3674 Vit D3 versus L Carnitine Supplement in Alleviating Age-Related Insulin Resistance ageing-related IR [11,12] . Silent information regulator-1 (sirtuin SIRT-1), a NAD + -dependent protein deacetylase, is found in various tissues and is considered to be a key metabolic regulator [13] . Recently, it had been concluded that, during aging, the decreased SIRT-1 in skeletal muscle fundamentally mediates IR [14] , whereas, increased SIRT1 expression restricts age associated-diabetes and promotes insulin sensitivity [15,16] . Moreover, a decline in the skeletal muscle Glucose Transporter-4 (GLUT-4) with aging had been recorded in both human [17] , and animal studies [18] . GLUT-4 is a glucose-transport protein which promotes the cellular uptake of glucose [19] . Several line of evidences indicate that the levels of GLUT4 mRNA expression in skeletal muscle are crucial for the regulation of total body glucose homeostasis [20] .

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Vit D3 versus L Carnitine Supplement in Alleviating Age-Related Insulin Resistance in A Naturally Aging Rat Model

Atef

2019

The Medical Journal of Cairo University

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“…, A Garcia-Hermoso, et al [40], OA EL-Gohary [41] , H MOUSTAFA [25] and H Zhang, et al [21] stated that exercise training induced a significant deterioration in insulin resistance in obese rats and they referred the insulin sensitizing effects of exercise training to the increased skeletal muscle activity of both glucose transporter (GLUT4) and hexokinase, and to the increased hepatic insulin clearance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Exercise Training and Adropin Treatment on Thyroid and Testicular Function Changes in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Rats

Abulfadle¹,

Ahmed²

2019

Am. J. Biomed. Sci.

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Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and thyroid dysfunctions are commonly observed concomitant endocrinopathies that have a common pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Also, adropin is a metabolic hormone that is secreted by many structures in the body. On the other hand, moderate exercise training was recorded to combat changes that occurred with obesity. But, the available information about the effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on testicular function was contradictory and a scarce data was available on the effect of exercise training and adropin treatment on both thyroid and testicular functions in obese type 2 diabetic rats.Aim: This study investigated thyroid and testicular function changes occurred in obese type 2 diabetic rats and explored the effect of moderate exercise training and adropin treatment.Materials and Methods: Rats in this 10 weeks' study were divided randomly into two main groups, lean non-diabetic (were fed on ordinary chow) and obese diabetic [were fed on high fat and received streptozotocin (35 mg/kg) at the start of the 5th week]. Each main group was subdivided into sedentary, exercised and adropin treated subgroups. For the last 5 weeks of the study, rats in the exercised subgroups were exposed to a moderate swimming exercise protocol, while those in the adropin treated subgroups were administered adropin daily (2.1 μg/kg).Results: Obese diabetic groups had a significant increase in the final body weight, weight difference, body mass index (BMI), serum levels of [glucose, insulin, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), malondialdehyde (MDA) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)] and value of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), with a significant decrease in serum [adropin, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), superoxide dismutase (SOD), thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone] and epididymal sperm [count, motility and deformity] in comparison with the lean non-diabetic groups. Also, within the obese diabetic groups, serum adropin was negatively associated with weight difference, BMI, serum (glucose, TC, TNFα and TSH) and HOMA-IR, but it was

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Behavioral reinforcement of pathological exercise in anorexia nervosa

Coniglio

Cooper

Selby

2021

Intl J Eating Disorders

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Pathological exercise in anorexia nervosa (AN) is a harmful behavior associated with a chronic course and poor prognosis. To date, no comprehensive theoretical model exists to describe pathological exercise in the context of AN, and as such, few treatments are effective at promoting direct and sustained pathological exercise extinction.Using a framework put forth by Wise & Koob (2014), debating the relative importance of positive and negative reinforcement in substance use, we present three hypotheses of behavioral reinforcement of exercise, encompassing biological, psychological, and environmental influences. Specifically, we argue that exercise is positively reinforced through receipt of biological and behavioral rewards, negatively reinforced through avoidance of aversive emotions, and that these two systems work in tandem over time to engrain pathological exercise as a habit. We then present suggestions for testing each of these hypotheses as future directions for the field.

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Exercise Training Prevents Age-induced Insulin Resistance in Rats: Effect on Circulating Catecholamines, Inflammatory Cytokines and Skeletal Muscle Glut4 Transporters

Cited by 3 publications

References 66 publications

Vit D3 versus L Carnitine Supplement in Alleviating Age-Related Insulin Resistance in A Naturally Aging Rat Model

Vit D3 versus L Carnitine Supplement in Alleviating Age-Related Insulin Resistance in A Naturally Aging Rat Model

Effect of Exercise Training and Adropin Treatment on Thyroid and Testicular Function Changes in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Rats

Behavioral reinforcement of pathological exercise in anorexia nervosa

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