An Acneform Dermatergosis

Jones, Jack W.; Alden, Herbert S.

doi:10.1001/archderm.1936.01470120073010

Cited by 50 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Although chloracne has been reported as an occupational disease sporadically (4,5), the Japanese Yusho in 1968 was the first recognized outbreak in the world of PCB poisoning via contaminated cooking rice oil. It involved more than 1600 victims, mainly the residents of Fukuoka and Nagasaki Prefectures (6,7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery and Epidemiology of PCB Poisoning in Taiwan: A Four-Year Followup

Hsu¹,

Ma²,

Hsu³

et al. 1985

Environmental Health Perspectives

154

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery and Epidemiology of PCB Poisoning in Taiwan: A Four-Year Followup

Hsu¹,

Ma²,

Hsu³

et al. 1985

Environmental Health Perspectives

154

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“…Liver injury (acute yellow atrophy), whether accompanied by chloracne lesions or not, is also described in people engaged in the manufacture of the chlorinated hydrocarbons (Strauss, 1944;Braun, 1955;Behrbohm, 1959). Also for the PCB's there are early reports of occupational chloracne (Jones and Alden, 1936;Schwartz, 1936). The presentday use of PCB does not seem to have led to this kind of difficulty.…”

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confidence: 99%

Dermal toxicity studies of technical polychlorinated biphenyls and fractions thereof in rabbits

Vos

Beems

1971

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

115

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A significant difference in toxicity between 3 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) preparations was found in a prior study: Clophen A 60 and Phenoclor DP6 showing the highest, Aroclor 1260 the lowest, toxicity . A subsequent study revealed the presence of tetra-and pentachlorodibenzofuran in Phenoclor and Clophen . In the present study, application of 118 mg of the 3 PCB's (5 times per wk, for 38 days) on the back skin of rabbits also resulted in differences in toxicity.PCB-induced skin lesions were hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis of the epidermal and follicular epithelium. Histopathology of the liver included centrolobular degeneration, centrolobular liver cell atrophy, focal necrosis, and cytoplasmic hyalin degeneration. Definite hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis of the follicular epithelium of the ear skin were seen after the topical application of fractions of Phenoclor and Clophen eluted from chromatographic columns with 25 ",/, diethylether in hexane. The fraction from Aroclor caused a minimal hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis of the follicular epithelium. PCB-induced kidney lesions were hydropic degeneration of the convoluted tubules and tubular dilatation with the presence of casts. This dilatation was demonstrated also by a significantly increased relative percentage of the diameter which corresponds to the space of Bowman. Moreover, thymus atrophy and lymphopenia were found. Fecal coproporphyrin and protoporphyrin excretion was increased.

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“…For example, an article sometimes cited as an early reference to PCB-induced toxicity (Jones and Alden, 1936) actually concluded that the observed symptom, chloracne, was caused by chlorinated styrene and benzene. Chloracne, systemic effects (primarily effects on the liver), and deaths resulting from industrial (i.e., high-level) exposure to PCBs were described in the literature as early as the 1930s (Fishbein, 1972) and a few animal studies that investigated acute toxic effects of PCBs were published in the 1940s and 1950s (e.g., Wedel et al, 1943;Rozanova, 1943;Treon et al 1956).…”

Section: The Early Learning Curve For Pcb Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical Perspective on PCBs

Shifrin¹,

Toole²

1998

Environmental Engineering Science

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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) first became recognized as an environmental issue in approximately 1970. Before that, analytical limitations precluded their accurate and convenient detection in environmental samples. Over the next several years, gas chromatography advances, extensive environmental sampling throughout the world, and numerous regulatory agency activities led to a better and broader understanding of PCBs as an environmental issue. By the late 1970s, this learning phase culminated with tight regulatory controls being established on PCB use and disposal. To this day, however, PCB toxicity and the effects of environmental concentrations on human health are not well understood and regulatory control continues to evolve.Despite 20 years of use restrictions, polychlorinated biochemical oxygen demand, turbidity, suspended solids, biphenyls (PCBs) persist and bioaccumlate in the en-coliform bacteria, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, color, and vironment, and they remain the focus of extensive regula-odor. The state of the art remained basically unchanged tory cleanup actions. With the benefit of hindsight, parties through the 1950s, as noted by Middleton and Rosen to cleanup cost allocation disputes often claim that the (1956) and USHEW (1962), who state, almost identically, other side should have known better when handling PCBs. that "specific methods, with few exceptions, for the analy-In fact, it was not until the early 1970s that PCBs could sis of the multitude of organic chemicals in water are lackeven be measured in environmental samples and reason-ing." Both of these papers also noted that treatment methably clear knowledge of what their environmental or health ods for such chemicals remained to be developed, impact might be didn't evolve until even later than that.The analysis of individual organic chemicals is a twopart problem for environmental samples: (1) isolation of DEVELOPMENT OF ANALYTICAL the compound from the sample matrix and (2) accurate METHODS TO DETECT AND detection of its concentration. In the 1940s and 1950s, MEASURE PCBs colorimetric, infrared, and ultraviolet spectroscopic techniques provided some advances to this two-part problem Through the first half of this century, methods of de-for a limited number of individual chemical measuretecting contaminants in water and wastewater were unre-ments (cf. Dolin, 1943;Wright, 1941;Jacobs, 1949; fined and not chemical-specific. Water and wastewater Schumauch and Grubb, 1954), but it was not until the adanalysis was limited to conventional parameters, such as vent of chromatography1 that substantial progress was 'Chromatography is a procedure used in analytical chemistry to separate individual chemicals from a mixture, such as an environmental sample. A liquid or gaseous mixture of the compounds to be detected is passed through a Chromatographie medium (e.g., silica gel) and each chemical "exits" the medium at different times according to its differential adsorption on the medium. Upon exiting the Chromatographie medium, each compound thus i...

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An Acneform Dermatergosis

Cited by 50 publications

References 0 publications

Discovery and Epidemiology of PCB Poisoning in Taiwan: A Four-Year Followup

Discovery and Epidemiology of PCB Poisoning in Taiwan: A Four-Year Followup

Dermal toxicity studies of technical polychlorinated biphenyls and fractions thereof in rabbits

Historical Perspective on PCBs

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