An Accurate Characterization of Different Water Properties Using Resonant Method for Underwater Communication Activity

Akbar, Salwa Awang; Shah, Ahmad Syahiman Mohd; Abdullah, Airul Sharizli; Yusof, Nurhafizah Abu Talip; Khatun, Sabira; Shaharum, Syamimi Mardiah; Karim, Mohamad Shaiful Abdul

doi:10.1007/978-981-13-3708-6_10

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The accuracy of the VNA is ensured through a comprehensive Short-Open-Load-Thru (SOLT) calibration of the two process ports. Then, the specimen is positioned in the middle of the rectangular waveguide [24,25], and the magnitude and phase of scattering parameters, S21, are evaluated. The reason why S21 is used in this technique is that the reflection coefficient, S11, is too small and can easily be affected by noise.…”

Section: Characterization Of Composite Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative and Cost-Effective Fabrication Technique for Dielectric Composite Material

Nurfarhana Mustafa,

Syamimi Mardiah Shaharum,

Ahmad Afif Mohd Faudzi

et al. 2024

ARAM

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In this paper, the fabrication process of epoxy resin and nanocomposite barium titanate using a cost-effective apparatus is presented along with measurements of complex permittivity. The material is prepared by mixing epoxy resin and barium titanate powder which has high permittivity. Measurement of complex permittivity of materials is performed using a waveguide technique in the G-band with a frequency between 4 and 6 GHz. The results are then compared with the previous works that use advanced and precision instrumentation. The results indicate that the material’s permittivity, determined using our proposed technique, performs admirably. Specifically, at a frequency of 5 GHz, the permittivity is 7.32 with a loss tangent of 0.025 for a filler concentration of 20%. These values not only meet but also closely match those obtained with high-end equipment. Therefore, the proposed technique could be a good potential as an alternative technique for dielectric material preparation which is suitable to be used as a substrate antenna.

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Section: Characterization Of Composite Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative and Cost-Effective Fabrication Technique for Dielectric Composite Material

Nurfarhana Mustafa,

Syamimi Mardiah Shaharum,

Ahmad Afif Mohd Faudzi

et al. 2024

ARAM

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“…The permittivity measurement can be performed using the free-space, waveguide [29][30][31], or resonant [32][33][34][35] techniques. In this study, the permittivity was measured using the waveguide technique in the microwave region [29,30], with the measurement taking place in the G-band, which covers the frequency ranges of 3.95 to 5.85 GHz.…”

Section: Permittivity Test Of Cellulose Fibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Fiber Morphology and Elemental Composition of Ananas comosus Leaf on Cellulose Content and Permittivity

Yusof

Zainol

Aziz

et al. 2023

Curr. Appl. Sci. Technol.

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The fiber morphology and elemental composition of pineapple leaf fibers were analyzed to understand their effect on the cellulose content and permittivity value. Cellulose fiber was extracted from pineapple leaf via the alkaline treatment method, and the content was determined using the Kurschner-Hanack method. The permittivity value of the developed cellulose fiber was measured based on the waveguide technique in the G-band. The surface morphology of the developed fiber was examined with scanning electron microscopy. Meanwhile, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy was used to identify the elemental composition of the pineapple leaf fibers. The findings were that the cellulose fibers with the least diameter and distance between fibers exhibited the highest permittivity value, which was 1.85. The EDX analysis demonstrated that carbon was the commonest elemental in all fibers, and was 55 wt.% of the total element composition. Furthermore, the results showed that the permittivity value increased as the carbon composition increased, and decreased as the oxygen composition increased. Hence, the morphological and elemental studies of the cellulose fiber are useful in determining the permittivity value of the cellulose fiber for material development. The high permittivity value of the pineapple leaf fibers is believed to have great potential for use in electronic components.

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“…Permittivity measurement could be done using either free-space, waveguide [34,35], or resonant techniques [36][37][38][39]. In this work, wide-band measurement, i.e., waveguide technique, is preferred in order to provide dielectric value for wide applications.…”

Section: Permittivity Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Pineapple Leaf in Fiber-based Dielectric Composite Material and Its Elemental Composition Analyses

Abu Talip Yusof,

Giamasrow,

Natasha Azman

et al. 2023

PIER M

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The growing demand for natural fibers in dielectric composite production has accelerated research into plant-based materials, particularly those derived from agricultural waste. Hence, this study attempts to evaluate the effect of processing factors and their elemental composition on the permittivity value of pineapple fiber-based dielectric composites. The dielectric composite was prepared following the randomized experimental conditions of two-level factorial analysis, and the permittivity value was measured using a G-band rectangular waveguide. The most significant factors affecting the permittivity value of the dielectric composites and the best conditions were determined. The elemental composition of the dielectric composite was analyzed through an energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The best conditions were obtained at a 1 : 10 ratio of pineapple leaves to distilled water, 50 minutes pulping times with a heating effect, and 5 g of pineapple leaf powder. The highest permittivity value of the composite was recorded at 3.31, with the heating effect being the most significant factor. The elemental analysis of the composite with the highest permittivity value presents that carbon was the dominant element in the composite at 78.05%. The obtained permittivity value exhibited by the composites shows that the pineapple leaf fiber-based dielectric composite could be a potential alternative as an antenna substrate.

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An Accurate Characterization of Different Water Properties Using Resonant Method for Underwater Communication Activity

Cited by 7 publications

References 12 publications

Innovative and Cost-Effective Fabrication Technique for Dielectric Composite Material

Innovative and Cost-Effective Fabrication Technique for Dielectric Composite Material

Effect of Fiber Morphology and Elemental Composition of Ananas comosus Leaf on Cellulose Content and Permittivity

Utilization of Pineapple Leaf in Fiber-based Dielectric Composite Material and Its Elemental Composition Analyses

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