“…ri,(RTK) r,k−1 is the predicted geometry distance; pi k−1 is the vector of satellite position; p(RTK) r,k−1 is the vector of the estimated float RTK position; Br,ρ,t,k−1 + Bi ρ,sys,k−1 is the summation of the local clock bias error estimation and systematic error estimation, computed from base station information and master satellite measurements [26]; Br,mp,k−1 is the estimated multipath delay error imposed on the absolute code phase error via a between-satellite single difference algorithm, and κ D is its tuned coefficient constant, based on the involved early-late spacing [30]. Next, the work process of the RTK-position-aided VDFPLL in the GPS SDR within the same tracking epoch is outlined as follows:…”