An 18.8–33.9 GHz, 2.26 mW Current-Reuse Injection-Locked Frequency Divider for Radar Sensor Applications

Abstract

An 18.8–33.9 GHz, 2.26 mW current-reuse (CR) injection-locked frequency divider (ILFD) for radar sensor applications is presented in this paper. A fourth-order resonator is designed using a transformer with a distributed inductor for wideband operating of the ILFD. The CR core is employed to reduce the power consumption compared to conventional cross-coupled pair ILFDs. The targeted input center frequency is 24 GHz for radar application. The self-oscillated frequency of the proposed CR-ILFD is 14.08 GHz. The input frequency locking range is from 18.8 to 33.8 GHz (57%) at an injection power of 0 dBm without a capacitor bank or varactors. The proposed CR-ILFD consumes 2.26 mW of power from a 1 V supply voltage. The entire die size is 0.75 mm × 0.45 mm. This CR-ILFD is implemented in a 65 nm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology.

A 17.8–34.8 GHz (64.6%) Locking Range Current-Reuse Injection-Locked Frequency Multiplier with Dual Injection Technique

“…This is because half of the supply voltage to fix the center-tap bias is required to operate the PMOS and NMOS injectors at the same time. In addition, the CR core reduces the power consumption by turning the MOSFETs on and off simultaneously [19][20][21][22][23][24]. The proposed CR-ILFM can be applied dual injection by changing the core.…”

“…To satisfy this performance, ILFM has been used in several stages in recent years [3,4]. Meanwhile, frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar applications also require wideband performance in the mm-wave band including industrial-scientific-medical (ISM) bands, e.g., 24 GHz and 77 GHz, to realize wideband chirp waveform [5,6]. The ILFM is a good solution that can easily generate mm-wave signals using LC oscillation in various applications.…”

A 24 GHz CMOS Direct-Conversion RF Receiver with I/Q Mismatch Calibration for Radar Sensor Applications

“…With such wide and popular adoptions in various wireless sensor and communication systems, CMOS implementation of 24 GHz RF transceiver-integrated circuits (IC) is highly required for realizing low-power small-form-factor single-chip radio systems. Various CMOS design results addressing the relevant design issues of the RF transmitter [ 3 ], RF receiver [ 4 ], and LO generation [ 5 ] have been reported in the literature. As part of such design efforts, this work presents a design of a 24 GHz CMOS RF receiver with a wide-range and precise I/Q mismatch calibration technique.…”