Amygdala reactivity to faces at varying intensities of threat in generalized social phobia: An event-related functional MRI study

Klumpp, Heide; Angstadt, Mike; Nathan, Pradeep J.; Phan, K. Luan

doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2010.05.001

Cited by 51 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…We note that, importantly, the functions of these regions are not limited to processes related to appetite and food intake regulation. These regions are also highly involved in the response to stressful stimuli in healthy controls 43 and have been implicated in anxiety disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder, 44,45 social anxiety disorder 46 and obsessive-compulsive disorder. 47,48 Although activity in the amygdala 44,46,48 and insula [45][46][47] is generally heightened in individuals with anxiety disorders (rather than hypoactive, as observed here in women with anorexia nervosa), we cannot rule out the possibility that dysfunction in these regions in women with anorexia nervosa might reflect a generalized anxiety response to food images.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food motivation circuitry hypoactivation related to hedonic and nonhedonic aspects of hunger and satiety in women with active anorexia nervosa and weight-restored women with anorexia nervosa

Holsen

Lawson

Blum

et al. 2012

J Psychiatry Neurosci

135

159

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food motivation circuitry hypoactivation related to hedonic and nonhedonic aspects of hunger and satiety in women with active anorexia nervosa and weight-restored women with anorexia nervosa

Holsen

Lawson

Blum

et al. 2012

J Psychiatry Neurosci

135

159

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“…A meta-analysis of both PET and fMRI studies of SAD before 2007 showed increased activation in amygdala and insula during negative emotional processing (Etkin and Wager, 2007), while many recent fMRI studies of SAD have applied activation analyses focused on the amygdala, and insula (Yoon et al, 2007;Klumpp et al, 2010;Schmidt et al, 2010) to show increased activation in these areas to intense vs low or negative vs neutral emotional stimuli. In addition, univariate analyses showed decreased activation of the amgydala and increased activation in the vmPFC in response to social threat stimuli following 12 weeks of SSRI treatment (Phan et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Anterior Temporal and Hippocampal Functional Connectivity During Face Processing Discriminates Individuals with Social Anxiety Disorder from Healthy Controls and Panic Disorder, and Increases Following Treatment

Pantazatos

Talati

Schneier

et al. 2013

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Group functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies suggest that anxiety disorders are associated with anomalous brain activation and functional connectivity (FC). However, brain-based features sensitive enough to discriminate individual subjects with a specific anxiety disorder and that track symptom severity longitudinally, desirable qualities for putative disorder-specific biomarkers, remain to be identified. Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) fMRI during emotional face perceptual tasks and a new, large-scale and condition-dependent FC and machine learning approach were used to identify features (pair-wise correlations) that discriminated patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD, N ¼ 16) from controls (N ¼ 19). We assessed whether these features discriminated SAD from panic disorder (PD, N ¼ 16), and SAD from controls in an independent replication sample that performed a similar task at baseline (N: SAD ¼ 15, controls ¼ 17) and following 8-weeks paroxetine treatment (N: SAD ¼ 12, untreated controls ¼ 7). High SAD vs HCs discrimination (area under the ROC curve, AUC, arithmetic mean of sensitivity and specificity) was achieved with two FC features during unattended neutral face perception (AUC ¼ 0.88, Po0.05 corrected). These features also discriminated SAD vs PD (AUC ¼ 0.82, P ¼ 0.0001) and SAD vs HCs in the independent replication sample (FC during unattended angry face perception, AUC ¼ 0.71, P ¼ 0.01). The most informative FC was left hippocampus-left temporal pole, which was reduced in both SAD samples (replication sample P ¼ 0.027), and this FC increased following the treatment (post4pre, t (11) ¼ 2.9, P ¼ 0.007). In conclusion, SAD is associated with reduced FC between left temporal pole and left hippocampus during face perception, and results suggest promise for emerging FC-based biomarkers for SAD diagnosis and treatment effects.

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“…Functional neuroimaging studies have identified disruption of PFC-amygdala circuitry as a common lesion underlying anxiety-related behaviors (40). Exaggerated amygdala activation is demonstrated in trait anxiety (41), posttraumatic stress disorder (42,43), social anxiety (44,45), and generalized anxiety disorder (46). Thus, inhibitory top-down control of the emotion-processing functions of the amygdala via GABAergic input from the frontal cortex regulates impulsive behavior and emotions (10,11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxiety in liver X receptor β knockout female mice with loss of glutamic acid decarboxylase in ventromedial prefrontal cortex

Tan

Dai

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental disorders in adolescents in the United States. Female adolescents are more likely than males to be affected with anxiety disorders, but less likely to have behavioral and substance abuse disorders. The prefrontal cortex (PFC), amygdala, and dorsal raphe are known to be involved in anxiety disorders. Inhibitory input from the PFC to the amygdala controls fear and anxiety typically originating in the amygdala, and disruption of the inhibitory input from the PFC leads to anxiety, fear, and personality changes. Recent studies have implicated liver X receptor β (LXRβ) in key neurodevelopmental processes and neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, we used elevated plus-maze, startle and prepulse inhibition, open field, and novel object recognition tests to evaluate behavior in female LXRβ KO (LXRβ −/− ) mice. We found that the female LXRβ −/− mice were anxious with impaired behavioral responses but normal locomotion and memory. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed decreased expression of the enzyme responsible for GABA synthesis, glutamic acid decarboxylase (65+67), in the ventromedial PFC. Expression of tryptophan hydroxylase 2 in the dorsal raphe was normal. We conclude that the anxiogenic phenotype in female LXRβ −/− mice is caused by reduced GABAergic input from the ventromedial PFC to the amygdala.

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Amygdala reactivity to faces at varying intensities of threat in generalized social phobia: An event-related functional MRI study

Cited by 51 publications

References 10 publications

Food motivation circuitry hypoactivation related to hedonic and nonhedonic aspects of hunger and satiety in women with active anorexia nervosa and weight-restored women with anorexia nervosa

Food motivation circuitry hypoactivation related to hedonic and nonhedonic aspects of hunger and satiety in women with active anorexia nervosa and weight-restored women with anorexia nervosa

Reduced Anterior Temporal and Hippocampal Functional Connectivity During Face Processing Discriminates Individuals with Social Anxiety Disorder from Healthy Controls and Panic Disorder, and Increases Following Treatment

Anxiety in liver X receptor β knockout female mice with loss of glutamic acid decarboxylase in ventromedial prefrontal cortex

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