Amputation and Cisplatin for Treatment of Canine Osteosarcoma

Abstract

Seventy-one dogs with histologically confirmed appendicular osteosarcoma were evaluated. Seventeen dogs were treated with amputation and two dogs received postoperative doses of IV cisplatin given 21 days apart (group 1). Nineteen dogs were treated with IV cisplatin 21 days before amputation, with a second dose given immediately after amputation (group 2). Thirty-five dogs were treated by amputation of the affected limb with no chemotherapy (group 3). The median disease-free interval for group 1 was 226 days, and 177 days for group 2. This was not significantly different. The median survival time was 262 days for group 1,282 days for group 2 and 119 days for group 3. Group 1 and 2 dogs had survival times that were significantly longer than for dogs in group 3. Two IV courses of cisplatin given before or after amputation appears to improve the survival of dogs with osteosarcoma. (Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 1991; 5205-210) OSTEOSARCOMA (0s) is the most common primary bone cancer in dogs.',2 It accounts for approximately 4% of all canine neoplasms and has been estimated to affect approximately 7.9/ 100,000 dogs annually.' Treatment has generally included amputation, which relieves local discomfort but rarely results in a cure, with reported mean or median survivals of 3.6 to 5.8 ~~~~~ ~

Prognostic factors of early metastasis and mortality in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma after receiving surgery: An individual patient data meta-analysis

“…To illustrate how patient characteristics were related to mortality or metastases at the clinically relevant time points of 5 and 12 months (Brodey and Abt, 1976;Straw et al, 1991;Spodnick et al, 1992), we stratified baseline characteristics according to the outcome status (mortality and metastasis) at these points. Univariable associations were estimated using a stratified Cox proportional hazards model (Harrell, 2001).…”

“…The majority of canine primary bone tumors can be classified as OS, which predominantly occurs in large and giant breeds (Norrdin et al, 1989;Spodnick et al, 1992;Cooley and Waters, 1997;Ru et al, 1998;McNeill et al, 2007). OS dogs, treated only by amputation, have a median survival time of five months or less, with the majority succumbing to metastatic disease (Brodey and Abt, 1976;Straw et al, 1991;Spodnick et al, 1992). Due to advances in disease management overall survival can be extended to 1 year (Straw et al, 1991).…”

“…OS dogs, treated only by amputation, have a median survival time of five months or less, with the majority succumbing to metastatic disease (Brodey and Abt, 1976;Straw et al, 1991;Spodnick et al, 1992). Due to advances in disease management overall survival can be extended to 1 year (Straw et al, 1991). Given the increased treatment options, such as adjuvant chemotherapy, 'limb-sparing' surgery and radio-ablative methods, it has become even more important to differentiate between dogs with a worse and relatively improved prognosis.…”

Amputation and Carboplatin for Treatment of Dogs With Osteosarcoma: 48 Cases (1991 to 1993)

“…An apparent decrease in the DFI and survival curves in the first 70 days (8 dogs developed metastases prior to 70 days) were noted in dogs that received carboplatin in our study when compared with those treated by amputation alone' (Fig I), and amputation plus 2 doses of cisplatin ( Figs 2 and 3). 7 This may indicate that carboplatin has minimal efficacy against certain subsets of OSA in dogs, or this may be a result of study design. Traditionally, trials of OSA in dogs have utilized an every-3-month radiographic recheck ~c h e d u l e .~.…”

Prognostic Significance of Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Canine Appendicular Osteosarcoma

“…1 The median survival time after amputation alone is approximately 5 months, and the majority of dogs die or are euthanized because of problems related to metastases. 1 Median survival is improved to approximately 1 year by administration of doxorubicin, 2 cisplatin, [3][4][5][6][7] or carboplatin 8 after surgery. Known prognostic factors include patient age (survival times are greatest for patients 7-10 years of age and shorter for both younger and older dogs 1 ); primary tumor size (time required for development of radiographically apparent pulmonary metastases is inversely related to radiographic tumor size and tumor activity as measured by use of bone scintigraphy 9 ); percentage of tumor necrosis after neoadjuvant chemotherapy 2,10 ; tumor microvessel density 11 ; and serum alkaline phosphatase activity.…”