Amplitude-Probability Distribution Model for VLF/ELF Atmospheric Noise

Worldwide monitoring of VLF‐LF propagation and atmospheric noise

“…The measurements are referenced to a noise equivalent bandwidth of 73 Hz. Long-tcrln temporal noise statistics compiled from samples such as these will be used to study the effects of propagation on noise statistics [e.g., Field and Lewinstein, 1978] and to validate and improve atmospheric noise models.…”

Low-Frequency Correlation Phase Detectors Using Hard Limiting

“…Phase Probability Density: Impulse Noise (18) A simple model [4,6] of the effects of impulsive noise on hard-limiting phase detectors assumes that a noise impulse occurs during a given sample interval with probability q. Since the amplitude of a noise im- (19) 0018-9251/81/0300-0307 $00.…”

“…Bn(0, R) = O 0018-9251/81/0300-0308 $00.75 i 1981 IEEE A more sophisticated model [18] similarly combines a Gaussian background noise with an impulsive noise; however, a randomly varying impulse amplitude is provided. Fourier coefficients can be determined numerically from that or other models [19] if additional accuracy is desired.…”

Evaluation of Impact on Digital Radio Systems by Measuring Amplitude Probability Distribution of Interfering Noise

“…Amplitude probability distribution (APD) is one of the statistical properties of random signals, and was used to characterize manmade and natural noise in the late 1960s and 1970s [1]- [3]. It was also demonstrated that the bit error probability (BEP) of some digital modulation signals was well estimated using the APD obtained through measurement [4], [5].…”