Amplification of weak magnetic field effects on oscillating reactions

Player, Thomas C.; Baxter, Edward D. A.; Allatt, Sarah; Hore, P. J.

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-88871-8

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…It should also be pointed out that including these interactions can reduce the predicted effect size [ 61 , 440 ]. However, this may be balanced by potential amplification effects in the biological systems [ 59 , 594 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following the work of Tyson et al [ 592 ], the authors used a simple mathematical model for Drosophila ’s circadian clock, as shown in figure 6 a (for more detailed models see [ 593 ]). Similar to the work of Player et al [ 594 ], they introduced the effects of applied magnetic fields and hyperfine interactions on the circadian clock process by modifying the corresponding rate representing the role of cryptochrome’s light activation and, hence, proteolysis of protein. Based on these models and using equations ( 3.19 ) and ( 3.20 ), they reproduced the experimental findings of the magnetic field [ 583 ] and lithium effects [ 584 ] on Drosophila ’s circadian clock, as shown in figure 6 c , d .…”

Section: Studies Of the Potential Role Of Radical Pairs In The Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnetic field effects in biology from the perspective of the radical pair mechanism

Zadeh-Haghighi

Simon

2022

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Hundreds of studies have found that weak magnetic fields can significantly influence various biological systems. However, the underlying mechanisms behind these phenomena remain elusive. Remarkably, the magnetic energies implicated in these effects are much smaller than thermal energies. Here, we review these observations, and we suggest an explanation based on the radical pair mechanism, which involves the quantum dynamics of the electron and nuclear spins of transient radical molecules. While the radical pair mechanism has been studied in detail in the context of avian magnetoreception, the studies reviewed here show that magnetosensitivity is widespread throughout biology. We review magnetic field effects on various physiological functions, discussing static, hypomagnetic and oscillating magnetic fields, as well as isotope effects. We then review the radical pair mechanism as a potential unifying model for the described magnetic field effects, and we discuss plausible candidate molecules for the radical pairs. We review recent studies proposing that the radical pair mechanism provides explanations for isotope effects in xenon anaesthesia and lithium treatment of hyperactivity, magnetic field effects on the circadian clock, and hypomagnetic field effects on neurogenesis and microtubule assembly. We conclude by discussing future lines of investigation in this exciting new area of quantum biology.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Studies Of the Potential Role Of Radical Pairs In The Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic field effects in biology from the perspective of the radical pair mechanism

Zadeh-Haghighi

Simon

2022

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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“…We are investigating the mechanism of activating blast-furnace cement (from now on BFC) by introducing magnetized ferromagnetic dust additive (from now on MFDA) into their composition. The magnetic fields effect on chemical reactions has been well studied and, in particular, considered in works [15][16][17][18]. Magnetic fields affect spin dynamics and control the spin multiplicity of radical pairs of substances involved in a chemical reaction.…”

Section: Research and Publications Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the influence of technological factors and compositions of binders on the strength characteristics of blast–furnace cement with magnetized ferromagnetic additives

Sakhno

Yanova

Pischikova

et al. 2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Cement production is a significant source of carbon dioxide emissions. One of the ways to reduce emissions is to reduce the proportion of clinker in cement by introducing active mineral additives into its composition, particularly granulated blast-furnace slag. One of the ways to increase the activity of such cement is the effect of magnetic fields on the spin multiplicity of the substances involved in the hardening reaction. In this case, the maximum effect is ensured by introducing a magnetized finely dispersed ferromagnetic substance into the cement composition. The activation effect depends on the additive’s adding method to the cement’s composition, the components ratio in the cement, and the cement hardening mode. This work aims to identify the influence of the adding method of the additive, the slag and additive proportion in cement, and the steam curing temperature on the activity effect of the binder. Three groups of studies were carried out to determine the strength characteristics of laboratory samples hardened both in natural conditions and during steaming. In the first group, cement samples have tested containing 40% slag obtained by joint grinding and joint mixing of the additive with cement for 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 minutes. In the second group, samples have tested with the additive amount varied from 0 to 2.5%, and slag amount from 0 to 80%. Finally, cement samples were tested in the third group containing 50% slag and from 0 to 2.5% additive. The samples were steam cured at temperatures ranging from 50 to 90° C and tested one day, 28 and 90 days after steam curing. As a result of the research, it has revealed that to obtain the maximum effect, the additive must be introduced into the cement composition by joint grinding. The factors influencing the activity have been determined. At the same time, the time of joint grinding should ensure uniform mixing of the components and the formation of new surfaces of cement grains in the presence of magnetic fields. Too long joint grinding leads to the loss of the magnetic properties of the addition. It was found that the activation effect from the additive addition increases with an increase in the proportion of slag. In cement without slag, an increase in the additive content leads to a drop in strength. It was revealed that the introduction of magnetized ferromagnetic dust additives into the composition of the SPC makes it possible to reduce the steam curing temperature of products by 20-25° C. Studies have shown that using a finely dispersed ferromagnetic substance as an activating additive can save energy resources and reduce emissions.

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“…6a (For more detailed models see Ref 588 ). Similar to the work of Player et al 589 , they introduced the effects of applied magnetic fields and hyperfine interactions on the circadian clock process by modifying the corresponding rate representing the role of cryptochrome's light activation and, hence, proteolysis of protein. Based on these models and using Eqs.…”

Section: Magnetic Field and Lithium Effects On Circadian Clockmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic field effects in biology from the perspective of the radical pair mechanism

Zadeh-Haghighi¹,

Simon²

2022

Preprint

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A large and growing body of research shows that weak magnetic fields can significantly influence various biological systems, including plants, animals, and humans. However, the underlying mechanisms behind these phenomena remain elusive. It is remarkable that the magnetic energies implicated in these effects are much smaller than thermal energies. Here we review these observations, of which there are now hundreds, and we suggest that a viable explanation is provided by the radical pair mechanism, which involves the quantum dynamics of the electron and nuclear spins of naturally occurring transient radical molecules. While the radical pair mechanism has been studied in detail in the context of avian magnetoreception, the studies reviewed here show that magnetosensitivity is widespread throughout biology. We review magnetic field effects on various physiological functions, organizing them based on the type of the applied magnetic fields, namely static, hypomagnetic, and oscillating magnetic fields, as well as isotope effects. We then review the radical pair mechanism as a potential unifying model for the described magnetic field effects, and we discuss plausible candidate molecules that might constitute the radical pairs. We review recent studies proposing that the quantum nature of the radical pairs provides promising explanations for xenon anesthesia, lithium effects on hyperactivity, magnetic field and lithium effects on the circadian clock, and hypomagnetic field effects on neurogenesis and microtubule assembly. We conclude by discussing future lines of investigation in this exciting new area of quantum biology related to weak magnetic field effects.

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Amplification of weak magnetic field effects on oscillating reactions

Cited by 15 publications

References 52 publications

Magnetic field effects in biology from the perspective of the radical pair mechanism

Magnetic field effects in biology from the perspective of the radical pair mechanism

Investigation of the influence of technological factors and compositions of binders on the strength characteristics of blast–furnace cement with magnetized ferromagnetic additives

Magnetic field effects in biology from the perspective of the radical pair mechanism

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