Amplification combination of Er3+ and Tm3+ emissions in titanium-diffused lithium niobate strip waveguide

Experimental Realization of 1400–2100 nm Broadband Emission for Wide-Bandwidth Optical Communication in Er–Tm Codoped ZnO Films and Devices

“…Especially for the coming 5G era, the infrastructure construction puts forward a higher demand for the whole optical communication industry and the number of base stations will increase largely, which will require more optical fibers for connecting. − To reduce the investment, it is necessary to enhance the transmission efficiency and broaden the transmission channel. The transition of Er 3+ : 4 I 13/2 → 4 I 15/2 causes the 1540 nm emission, coincided with the absorption minimum in the silica-based optical fibers. − To meet the need of wider broadband optical fiber communication, it is essential to make full use of the 1400–1700 nm low loss window band of silicon-based optical fibers. , As the emission bands of Tm 3+ ions are located at 1400–1500 nm ( 3 H 4 → 3 F 4 ) and 1600–2000 nm ( 3 F 4 → 3 H 6 ) ranges, many studies have demonstrated the exciting potential of exploiting Tm 3+ ions for broadening the emission bands. − …”