Amphotericin B — A Model Murine Immunostimulant

Little, John R.; Stein, Sidney H.; Little, K. D.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-1901-6_29

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The exact location of that supposed initial Eden was not known, but it was generally assumed to have been somewhere in the Middle East of the Old World. Subsequently, thoughtful observers, such as Fray José de Acosta in the late sixteenth century and Thomas Jefferson in the eighteenth, realized that eastern Asia had to be considered the most probable immediate source when questions concerning the locus of New World human origins were raised (1). Some assumed that there was a link with wandering ''Tartars'' or the legendary ''Ten Lost Tribes of Israel'' (2), but, as faith waned in the Bible as a source of scientific information, the suggestion was proposed that human beings as well as the rest of animate nature were separately created in each of the geographic provinces of the world (3,4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Old World sources of the first New World human inhabitants: A comparative craniofacial view

Brace

Nelson

Seguchi

et al. 2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

119

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Human craniofacial data were used to assess the similarities and differences between recent and prehistoric Old World samples, and between these samples and a similar representation of samples from the New World. The data were analyzed by the neighbor-joining clustering procedure, assisted by bootstrapping and by canonical discriminant analysis score plots. The first entrants to the Western Hemisphere of maybe 15,000 years ago gave rise to the continuing native inhabitants south of the U.S.-Canadian border. These show no close association with any known mainland Asian population. Instead they show ties to the Ainu of Hokkaido and their Jomon predecessors in prehistoric Japan and to the Polynesians of remote Oceania. All of these also have ties to the Pleistocene and recent inhabitants of Europe and may represent an extension from a Late Pleistocene continuum of people across the northern fringe of the Old World. With roots in both the northwest and the northeast, these people can be described as Eurasian. The route of entry to the New World was at the northwestern edge. In contrast, the Inuit (Eskimo), the Aleut, and the Na-Dene speakers who had penetrated as far as the American Southwest within the last 1,000 years show more similarities to the mainland populations of East Asia. Although both the earlier and later arrivals in the New World show a mixture of traits characteristic of the northern edge of Old World occupation and the Chinese core of mainland Asia, the proportion of the latter is greater for the more recent entrants.New World origins ͉ craniometrics ͉ prehistoric population relationships

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Old World sources of the first New World human inhabitants: A comparative craniofacial view

Brace

Nelson

Seguchi

et al. 2001

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

119

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“…•i that bacterial cells attached to the base metal were tenaciously attached to the surface and were not removed or distorted during the SEM preparation [31]. TEM has been used to ,, demonstrate that bacteria were intimately associated with the corrosion products and that on copper surfaces, the bacteria were found between layers of corrosion products and attached to base metal 1291.…”

Section: Testing Wagner and Ray On Surface Analytical Techniques 159mentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Analytical Techniques for Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion—A Review

Wagner

Ray

1994

Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion Testing

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Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) has received increasing attention from engineers, materials scientists, and corrosion specialists. In field and laboratory studies, basic surface analytical examinations must be correlated to knowledge of the overall corroding system in order to conclude the presence of MIC. Preliminary observations and microbiological, chemical, microscopic, and metallurgical techniques are discussed.

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“…Am8 is a 8 cell mitogen and polyclonal 8 cell activator (Little et al, 1987). In high density spleen cell cultures, Am8 stimulates B cell proliferation and maturation to IgM secreting plaque forming cells that will induce complement mediated lysis of sheep red blood cells.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Action Of Antifungal Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,4-Dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced contact skin sensitivity was used to show AmB-induced augmentation of cell mediated immunity (Little et al, 1987). The stimulation of humoral immune responses was documented by enumeration of anti-hapten antibody forming cells in spleens and lymph nodes of groups of mice immunized with an antigen (e.g.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Action Of Antifungal Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%