Amphetamine increases schedule-induced drinking reduced by negative punishment procedures

The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether the level of response suppression is a major determinant of the effect of D-amphetamine on negatively punished adjunctive drinking. Rats were initially exposed to a multiple fixed-time (FT) 30-s FT 30-s food delivery schedule. They were then divided into two groups and subjected to one of two different multiple schedules, FT 30-s FT 45-s or FT 30-s FT 90-s. The FT 45-s and FT 90-s components were signalled by a tone. Comparably high levels of adjunctive licking were observed in both FT 30-s components, intermediate licking levels in the FT 45-s component, and little licking in the FT 90-s component. Licking during the FT 30-s components was subsequently punished by lick-contingent signalled delays (by a blackout) in food delivery. The duration of such delays was adjusted to reduce licking to levels obtained in the FT 45-s or FT 90-s components, respectively for each of the two groups. Punished licking was increased by 0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg of D-amphetamine, an effect that was greater in the FT 30-s FT 90-s group. No increase in licking was observed in the FT 45-s component, but the 1.0 mg/kg dose also increased responding in the FT 90-s component. In general, no statistically significant differences were found between the effects of D-amphetamine on punished and unpunished schedule-induced licking. As licking decreased during the FT 90-s component when the punishment contingency was introduced in the alternate component, the punishment procedure and FT 30-s component were entirely removed. On this occasion, D-amphetamine failed to increase licking induced by the FT 90-s schedule. These results indicate that the level of response suppression might be a good indicator of the degree to which D-amphetamine shows antipunishment effects on adjunctive licking reduced by negative punishment procedures.

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Behavioural and pharmacological specificity of the effects of drugs on punished schedule-induced polydipsia

Pérez-Padilla

Pellón

2007

Behavioural Pharmacology

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Wistar rats were exposed to a multiple fixed-time 30-s food delivery schedule, with an on/off tone signalling the two components. Animals were matched in accordance with the levels of schedule-induced polydipsia. Drinking was then punished in one of the components: half of the rats received lick-dependent 10-s signalled delays and the other half lick-dependent electric shocks. The intensities of the shocks were adjusted to reduce behaviour by the same amount as the delays in food presentation. Unpunished components were used as yoked-control conditions, by presenting delays or shocks independently of the animals' behaviour. D-Amphetamine (0.3-2.0 mg/kg) and cocaine (1.0-10.0 mg/kg) dose-dependently increased (although only slightly) and then decreased schedule-induced polydipsia punished with lick-dependent delays in food presentation, a result not observed in control conditions or when the behaviour was suppressed by lick-dependent electric shocks. Diazepam (1.0-17.0 mg/kg) and pentobarbital (3.0-17.0 mg/kg) dose-dependently increased and then decreased only the schedule-induced drinking punished with lick-dependent shocks. Buspirone (0.1-1.0 mg/kg) and morphine (2.0-5.6 mg/kg) showed either no specific effects or further suppressed schedule-induced drinking. Results of these and previous experiments suggest that the antipunishment effects of drugs depend not only on the precise nature of the drug, but also on the manner in which the behaviour is maintained.

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Amphetamine increases schedule-induced drinking reduced by negative punishment procedures

Cited by 3 publications

References 40 publications

Rate-dependent effects of bupropion on nicotine self-administration and food-maintained responding in rats

Rate-dependent effects of bupropion on nicotine self-administration and food-maintained responding in rats

Level of response suppression and amphetamine effects on negatively punished adjunctive licking

Behavioural and pharmacological specificity of the effects of drugs on punished schedule-induced polydipsia

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