Amperometric enzyme electrode for the determination of phenols in chloroform

Hall, Geoffrey F.; Best, D. J.; Turner, Anthony P. F.

doi:10.1016/0141-0229(88)90047-6

Cited by 57 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The ability of enzymes to operate in organic solvents has led to the development of organic-phase enzyme electrodes (OPEEs), capable of working in highly non-polar solvents through to mixed water-miscible solvent/buffer [75][76][77][78][79][80][81]. The operational benefits of such devices include stability, simpler immobilisation techniques, suppression of undesirable side reactions and increased operating range [75].…”

Section: Enzymes and Enzyme Electrochemistry In The Organic-phasementioning

confidence: 99%

Organic phase immunosensors

Setford¹,

Kröger²,

Turner³

1999

Analusis

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Many analytical methods involving non-polar analytes require solvent extraction prior to measurement. The analysis procedure is greatly simplified if the method is able to function effectively in the more non-polar solvent extract. This consideration, coupled with the increasing need for simple, specific and rapid diagnostic and screening tools, has focused interest in the development of organic-phase immunosensors.

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Section: Enzymes and Enzyme Electrochemistry In The Organic-phasementioning

confidence: 99%

Organic phase immunosensors

Setford¹,

Kröger²,

Turner³

1999

Analusis

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“…And in case of sulphur and cyanide compounds silver electrode is most appropriate. Gold and platinum electrode doesn't show a stable response, whereas the above electrode shows a durable response even though there is the formation of oxy-hydroxide with high valence and these behaves as mediators [99]. To replace mercury electrode, bismuth film electrode is a good option [100].…”

Section: Metal Electrodementioning

confidence: 99%

Review on Detection of Phenol in Water

Arfin

Tarannum

2019

Adv. Mater. Lett.

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Phenol gives a toxic response in the natural water and leads to show harsh effects on human being, plants, and animals. At low concentration, the phenol gives a pungent taste as well as odour to the consumption of water. It is because of such reason that phenol is contained in the environmental legislation, and it needs to be analysed for providing better results. Therefore it should be eliminated before discharging or reusing the waste flow to the environment. The current review is mainly focused on the growth related to the detection of phenol in the water. In the review the state, advantages, disadvantages of different techniques are discussed in brief. The methods mainly involve the electrodes which hold the interest for using new material in the form of binders and also to advance the other types of electrodes. It is observed that for the electrochemist, the electrochemistry of electrodes is considered as the most commanding approach. The significant merits of using electrodes are an enhancement of the selectivity for the electroanalytical approach. The preparation methods for the electrodes are simple, secure, versatile, and most commonly, it has many controllable variables which enables it best material used in the starting of various applications. There are different aspects of applications such as industrial technology transfers purposes; it affects the electroanalytical chemistry and diverse other fields as well, namely energy conversion, catalysis, storage, etc.

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“…Tyrosinase was employed in the first biosensor to be adapted for use with organic solvents (30). In this application the o-quinone is reduced at a graphite electrode producing a current which is related to the substrate concentration.…”

Section: Tyrosinase Based Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting Tyrosinase Activity in Aqueous and Nonaqueous Media

Robb

1995

ACS Symposium Series

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Methods of utilising tyrosinase (polyphenol oxidase), E.C. 1.14.18.1, to prepare o-diphenols and o-quinones from phenols are described and discussed. Characteristics of enzyme activity under low-water conditions in organic solvents are reviewed including the use of salt hydrate pairs as water buffers. Recent progress in the use of the enzyme in synthetic chemistry, polymer modification, bioremediation and biosensors is highlighted.The last decade has seen a rapid increase in our knowledge of the molecular biology of tyrosinase. The tyrosinase gene has been sequenced from both plant and animal sources allowing comparisons of size and sequence homology. It has also provided extra evidence for the location of the enzyme in leaves -namely that it is in the lumen of the chloroplast. The next logical development of over-expression of the gene has been accomplished (/) heralding the prospect of ready availability of the enzyme and also the opportunity to undertake site-directed mutagenesis. It is therefore an appropriate time to consider how we might use the enzyme in biotechnology. Role in NatureIn nature, the enzyme plays an essential part in melanogenesis in animals and sclerotization in insects (2, 3). Although it occurs widely in plants its role in intact tissue is not always obvious (4)\ it is, however, involved in adventitious browning caused when cell structure is lost allowing substrate and enzyme to mix. Figure 1 provides a simplified view of these processes, emphasizing that the enzyme is involved at an early stage of a complicated sequence. It utilises oxygen to hydroxylate phenols and to oxidise o-diphenols, in each case the product being the corresponding o-quinones. These undergo addition reactions with nucleophiles such as the amino and sulfhydryl groups of amino acids (XH in Figure 1). In melanogenesis leading to the polymer eumelanin, tyrosine provides both the phenolic 0097-6156/95/0600-0159$12.00/0

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Amperometric enzyme electrode for the determination of phenols in chloroform

Cited by 57 publications

References 11 publications

Organic phase immunosensors

Organic phase immunosensors

Review on Detection of Phenol in Water

Exploiting Tyrosinase Activity in Aqueous and Nonaqueous Media

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