“…Since DA and UA are electroactive materials, electrochemical methods appear to be suitable for their quantitative determination. Moreover, electrochemical methods are highly sensitive, easily operable, and cost effective [7][8][9][10][11]. However, a major problem that inhibits electrochemical determination is that UA and DA have similar oxidation potential at most of the conventional solid electrodes.…”
A novel layer-by-layer assembly of graphene sheets and gold nanoparticles modified carbon fiber electrode (GE/Au/GE/CFE) was successfully fabricated and applied to simultaneous determination of dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA). The structure of GE/Au/GE/CFE was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was observed that the gold nanoparticles were homogeneously assembled between the two layers of GE sheets. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements elucidate that GE/Au/GE/CFE has higher electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of DA and UA when compared with graphene modified carbon fiber electrode (GE/CFE), and graphene and gold nanoparticles modified carbon fiber electrode (Au/GE/CFE). Simultaneous determination of UA and DA on GE/Au/GE/CFE was conducted with a differential pulse voltammetry technique, and two welldefined and fully resolved anodic oxidation peaks were observed. Anodic oxidation currents of DA and UA are linear with their concentration in the range of 0.59-43.96 μM and 12.6-413.62 μM, respectively. Moreover, the composite electrode displays high reproducibility and selectivity for the determination of UA and DA.
“…Since DA and UA are electroactive materials, electrochemical methods appear to be suitable for their quantitative determination. Moreover, electrochemical methods are highly sensitive, easily operable, and cost effective [7][8][9][10][11]. However, a major problem that inhibits electrochemical determination is that UA and DA have similar oxidation potential at most of the conventional solid electrodes.…”
A novel layer-by-layer assembly of graphene sheets and gold nanoparticles modified carbon fiber electrode (GE/Au/GE/CFE) was successfully fabricated and applied to simultaneous determination of dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA). The structure of GE/Au/GE/CFE was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was observed that the gold nanoparticles were homogeneously assembled between the two layers of GE sheets. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements elucidate that GE/Au/GE/CFE has higher electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of DA and UA when compared with graphene modified carbon fiber electrode (GE/CFE), and graphene and gold nanoparticles modified carbon fiber electrode (Au/GE/CFE). Simultaneous determination of UA and DA on GE/Au/GE/CFE was conducted with a differential pulse voltammetry technique, and two welldefined and fully resolved anodic oxidation peaks were observed. Anodic oxidation currents of DA and UA are linear with their concentration in the range of 0.59-43.96 μM and 12.6-413.62 μM, respectively. Moreover, the composite electrode displays high reproducibility and selectivity for the determination of UA and DA.
“…Multistage oxidation: the anodic oxidation of Lascorbic acid has been studied on a range of different anodes and mechanisms involving several intermediate steps have been proposed [13][14][15][16][17] in acid media (see Fig. 9).…”
Catalytic anodes are an enabling technology for high speed, horizontal acid copper electroplating. However, their usage is associated with high additive oxidation rates which can be problematic in terms of cost and control of the electrolyte. The addition of certain 'organic reductants' to the electroplating solution has been found to have a dramatic effect on brightener consumption when catalytic anodes are employed. This paper reports an investigation of three such compounds having varying functionality with respect to brightener oxidation. It was found that the ability of a particular organic reductant to influence brightener oxidation was related to its electrochemical properties on a particular anode material. However, it is postulated that the species' mechanism of oxidation and its anti-oxidant properties may also be important factors.
“…Several techniques, such as spectrometry, 2 chemiluminescence, 3 HPLC, 4 enzymatic, 5 flow injection 6,7 and amperometric 8 were applied for the detection of AA. Some methods were also reported for ascorbic acid determination based on its reduction properties.…”
A method for the determination of ascorbic acid in vitamin C tablets based on a very simple paptode design on TLC strips is described. This procedure is based on the reduction of iron(III) with ascorbic acid and the formation of a colorful red complex with immobilized 2,2¢-dipyridyl (dipy) on TLC strips. The linear range of the system was 20 -200 ppm with a detection limit of 1 ppm and a relative standard deviation of 1.5% (n = 28). The parameters, such as pH, concentration of iron(III), concentration of dipy and the volume of dipy per 1 cm 2 of TLC strips, were optimized. The proposed sensor was successfully applied for the determination of ascorbic acid in vitamin C tablets.
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