Amperometric creatinine biosensor for hemodialysis patients

Tombach, Bernd; Schneider, Juliane; Matzkies, F; Schaefer, Roland M.; Chemnitius, Gabriele-Christine

doi:10.1016/s0009-8981(01)00610-6

Cited by 50 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Tombach et al used a similar immobilization method, but a Nafion membrane was applied over the sensor to reject interferences. 43 Berberich et al reported a method of chemically modifying the enzymes by using PEG in the presence of succinimidyl and then trapping the enzymes in polyurethane (PUR) gel. 32,44,45 When the enzyme layer was used at the electrode, the enzymes were denatured within a day.…”

Section: Enzyme Immobilization For Amperometric Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Creatinine Biosensors

2008

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To measure creatinine, electrochemical techniques have been coupled with a range of biological recognition elements in a variety of sensor configurations. (To listen to a podcast about this feature, please go to the Analytical Chemistry website at pubs.acs.org/ac.The measurement of creatinine levels in human blood or urine is clinically essential because the levels partially reflect the state of renal and muscle function. Creatinine is naturally produced by the body and is filtered from the bloodstream by the kidneys in relatively constant amounts every day. The normal physiological concentration is 40-150 µM, but it can exceed 1000 µM in certain pathological conditions. Blood levels >150 µM indicate the need to perform tests such as creatinine clearance. Values >500 µM indicate severe renal impairment, ultimately leading to dialysis or transplantation; 1 levels <40 µM indicate decreased muscle mass.The methods most often used for the clinical determination of creatinine are based on colorimetry. 2 However, the methods are affected by numerous metabolites and drugs found in biological samples, such as glucose, fructose, ketone bodies, ascorbic acid, and cephalosporins. 3,4 Introducing enzymes has increased specificity, but the methods also became complicated and less reliable. Large and expensive benchtop analyzers incorporating a number of electrochemical electrodes have been used in central clinical laboratories. Portable and handheld devices incorporating a single-use creatinine biosensor cartridge also have been used.The goal of biosensor engineering in the clinical laboratory setting is to reduce cost, time, and complexity of routine analysis of biological fluids; to enable near-patient testing of blood, urine, and saliva in medical centers; and ultimately to enable home testing by individuals. 5 This article looks at the developments in electrochemical creatinine biosensor research in terms of sensor design and analytical performance on the basis of the recognition element and the nature of transducer. Parameters and specific performance characteristics to consider include cost (<$10/ sensing strip), response time (<1.5 minutes [min]), detection limit (e10 µM), linear range (10-1000 µM), and lifetime (>1 year).

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Section: Enzyme Immobilization For Amperometric Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Creatinine Biosensors

2008

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“…A further clinical use is the on-line or intermittent assessment of the adequacy of renal dialysis by measuring urea or creatinine in the dialysate fluid. [2][3][4] The reference range for urea is about 2.5-8.0 mM but levels can reach 50 mM in serious renal disease. Creatinine levels are normally about 40-130 µM but begin to increase when the GFR has fallen to half its normal value, reaching several hundred micromolar in serious kidney disease.…”

Section: Monitoring Renal Function: Urea and Creatininementioning

confidence: 99%

Biosensors for Monitoring Metabolites in Clinical Medicine

Pickup

2007

Handbook of Biosensors and Biochips

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Biosensors for small‐molecular‐weight metabolites are finding increasing use in medicine for rapid, reagentless point‐of‐care measurement and continuous in vivo monitoring. Though glucose is the most well‐established clinical biosensor application, others include urea and creatinine for assessing renal function; lactic acid for monitoring tissue oxygenation; uric acid for assessing nucleic acid metabolism; cholesterol, triglyceride, and ketones for monitoring lipid metabolism; and bilirubin for liver and blood disorders. Many metabolite biosensors are enzyme electrodes, based on immobilized oxidases, hydrolases, or other enzymes, with amperometric or potentiometric electrochemical reaction monitoring, but other bioreceptors such as computer‐designed proteins and other reaction detection methods such as fluorescence are in use.

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“…Many researchers have reported various methods for creatinine detection, including a spectrometric method based on the Jaffé reaction, 1-3 chromatographic methods [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] and enzymatic methods. [11][12][13] Nevertheless, the analysis of target compounds in complex sample matrix including blood and urine is often affected by matrix interference, and sample preparation is required to improve the accuracy of the analysis. A number of sample preparation methods have been applied to overcome the matrix interferences problem, including using dialysis, liquid-liquid microextraction, and a solid-phase extraction technique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of sample preparation methods have been applied to overcome the matrix interferences problem, including using dialysis, liquid-liquid microextraction, and a solid-phase extraction technique. 12,[14][15][16]20 In the analysis of urinary creatinine, the separation of analytes from matrix interferences could be achieved by solid-phase extraction based on an ion-exchange mechanism by using a commercial cation exchange resin, 3,17,18 mineral clay, 19 and sulfonic functionalized silica 20 as an adsorbent. The pH of a urine sample was decreased to pH values below the pKa value of creatinine (pKa1 = 4.83, pKa2 = 9.2) so as to convert creatinine to its protonated form, which can be extracted on a negatively charged surface via an electrostatic interaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paper-based Platform for Urinary Creatinine Detection

Sittiwong

Unob

2016

ANAL. SCI.

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A new paper platform was developed for the colorimetric detection of creatinine. The filter paper was coated with 3-propylsulfonic acid trimethoxysilane and used as the platform. Creatinine in a cationic form was extracted onto the paper via an ion-exchange mechanism and detected through the Jaffé reaction, resulting in a yellow-orange color complex. The color change on the paper could be observed visually, and the quantitative detection of creatinine was achieved through monitoring the color intensity change. The color intensity of creatinine complexes on the paper platform as a function of the creatinine concentration provided a linear range for creatinine detection in the range of 10 -60 mg L -1 and a detection limit of 4.2 mg L -1 . The accuracy of the proposed paper-based method was comparable to the conventional standard Jaffé method. This paper platform could be applied for simple and rapid detection of creatinine in human urine samples with a low consumption of reagent.

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Amperometric creatinine biosensor for hemodialysis patients

Cited by 50 publications

References 15 publications

Electrochemical Creatinine Biosensors

Electrochemical Creatinine Biosensors

Biosensors for Monitoring Metabolites in Clinical Medicine

Paper-based Platform for Urinary Creatinine Detection

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