Amoxycillin-clavulanate versus methicillin or isoxazolyl penicillins for treatment of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> infections

Moreillon, Philippe

doi:10.1093/jac/35.3.435

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…This is in agreement with the previous studies [27,28]. However, low prevalence of multidrug resistance was previously reported by Moreillon [22]. High prevalence of MDR in our study might be due to an irrational and unnecessary use of antimicrobial agents which can result in the emergence of bacterial strains that show multidrug resistance [29].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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Types and drug susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates from eye discharge samples at Gondar University Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

et al. 2014

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BackgroundThe type and pattern of organisms that cause ocular infection changes over time. Moreover, the causative organisms have developed increased drug resistance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalent bacterial agents of eye discharge and their drug susceptibility patterns to commonly used antimicrobial agents.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted at Gondar University Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia from September, 2009 to August, 2012. Culture and drug susceptibility test results of patients who had eye infections were taken for analysis. Eye discharge samples were cultured on MacConkey agar, blood agar and chocolate agar plates. A standard biochemical procedure was used for full identification of bacterial isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done on Mueller-Hinton agar by using disk diffusion method. Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 16 software.ResultA total of 102 eye discharges were submitted for microbiological evaluation, of which (60.8%) had bacterial growth. The most frequently isolated bacterial isolates were gram-positive bacteria (74.2%). The predominant bacterial species isolated was Coagulase-negative staphylococci (27.4%) followed by S. aureus (21%). Within the age group of 1 day-2 years old, (66.1%) of bacteria were isolated. Most of the bacterial isolates were resistance to ampicilin (71%), amoxicilin (62.9%), erythromycin (43.5%), gentamicin (45.2%), penicillin (71%), trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (58.1%), and tetracycline (64.6%) while Ceftriaxon and Ciprofloxacin showed (75.8%) and (80%) susceptibility respectively. From the total bacterial isolates, (87.1%) were showed multi drug resistance (MDR) to two or more drugs.ConclusionThe prevalence of bacterial isolates in eye discharge was high in the study area and majority of isolates were gram-positive bacteria. Most of the bacterial isolates were resistant to frequently used antimicrobials. Therefore, drug susceptibility test is necessary before prescribing any antimicrobials.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…This result is consistent with the previously studies [21]. It is well known fact that most S. aureus strains produce pencillinase and alternative penicillin binding proteins (PBP-2A) helps the organisms to become resistant to most beta lactam antibiotics [22]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Types and drug susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates from eye discharge samples at Gondar University Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

et al. 2014

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“…Penicillin MICs were slightly lower than amoxycillin MICs (5). Furthermore, penicillin may have fewer ecological disadvantages than amoxycillin due to its narrower spectrum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…The affinity of these drugs for the staphylococcal penicillin-binding proteins is, however, considerably lower than for penicillin G or amoxycillin as demonstrated by MICs in P-lactamase-negative strains, being 10-50 times higher for methicillin than for penicillin (3, 4). Furthermore, higher free drug concentrations of penicillin and amoxycillin are easier to obtain as these are con-siderably less protein bound than the isoxazolyl penicillins (5,6).…”

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confidence: 99%

In vitro susceptibility ofStaphylococcus aureustowards amoxycillin‐clavulanic acid, penicillin‐clavulanic acid, dicloxacillin and cefuroxime

Skov

Frimodt‐Møller

Espersen

2002

APMIS

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Sixty-three Staphylococcus aureus isolates with a wide distribution in quantitative beta-lactamase production were tested in vitro against amoxycillin and penicillin in combination with clavulanic acid to establish the influence of total amount of beta-lactamase present on the ability of clavulanic acid to protect against beta-lactamase degradation. The beta-lactamase stability of cefuroxime and dicloxacillin was also evaluated. MIC was determined by agar dilution using Mueller-Hinton agar with both a conventional as well as a 100 times higher inoculum. The strains were tested both with and without induction of the beta-lactamase production. Clavulanic acid was highly effective in protecting against beta-lactamase degradation of both penicillin and amoxycillin. Even when using a high inoculum of strains with induced beta-lactamase production, all strains had MICs below the NCCLS breakpoint of 4/2 mg/l for amoxycillin-clavulanic acid. Both cefuroxime and dicloxacillin were highly stable against staphylococcal beta-lactamase degradation. This study encourages further in vivo evaluation of amoxycillin-clavulanic acid for severe staphylococcal infections.

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“…However, it is difficult to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of these agents in infections, such as endocarditis with left‐sided localization or catheter‐related infections, due to the lack of surrogate markers. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid may also be of utility in MRSA/MRSE infections, although at present only experimental data in an endocarditis model are available; these show a comparable level of activity for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid to that of vancomycin against isolates of MRSA [51].…”

Section: Antibiotic Therapy Of Mrsa and Mrse Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MRSA and MRSE: is there an answer?

Carbon

2000

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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Amoxycillin-clavulanate versus methicillin or isoxazolyl penicillins for treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

Types and drug susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates from eye discharge samples at Gondar University Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

Types and drug susceptibility patterns of bacterial isolates from eye discharge samples at Gondar University Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

In vitro susceptibility ofStaphylococcus aureustowards amoxycillin‐clavulanic acid, penicillin‐clavulanic acid, dicloxacillin and cefuroxime

MRSA and MRSE: is there an answer?

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