Amount of fat in the diet affects bioavailability of lutein esters but not of α-carotene, β-carotene, and vitamin E in humans

Roodenburg, Annet J. C.; Leenen, R.; Hof, K. H. Van Het; Weststrate, J.A.; Tijburg, Lilian B.M.

doi:10.1093/ajcn/71.5.1187

Cited by 237 publications

(172 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…Absorption of carotenoids at the level of the cells of the mucus of the duodenum is best when lipids are present because of their lipophilic nature. From several reports, it is found that 3-5 g of lipids is the optimum level of lipids required for proper absorption of its carotenoids (Jalal et al, 1998;Roodenburg et al, 2000;Van Het Hof et al, 2000). In the present study, there was more than 6 g of lipids in the test meal indicating that this factor could not have affected the bioavailability of these nutrients, and thus not a source of variability.…”

Section: Table 5bmentioning

confidence: 44%

Systemic levels of carotenoids from mangoes and papaya consumed in three forms (juice, fresh and dry slice)

et al. 2007

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Background: Vitamin A deficiency is a public health problem in Cameroon. Data on the bioavailability of carotenoid in fruits currently consumed in Cameroon are scarce. Objective: To assess the systemic levels of carotenoids from mangoes and papaya consumed as juice, fresh or dried slices. Methods: Two groups of seven healthy volunteers (24 and 25 years of age; body mass index: 21 and 22 kg/m 2 respectively for subjects fed mango and papaya), were submitted to three types of meal treatments (juice, fresh and dried fruit). On the experiment day, meals served to fasting subjects during breakfast, included bread, yogurt and one of the three forms of fruit. All the treatments lasted only one day during which blood samples were collected three times; during fasting (T 0 ), 4 h (T 4 ) and 8 h (T 8 ) after the test meal. The carotenoids and retinol contents were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography method. Results: From the major carotenoids present in papaya and mangoes, lutein, a-carotene and b-carotene were found in considerable amounts. Lycopene and cryptoxanthin that were the major carotenoids in papaya samples appeared in low amounts in the chylomicrons. Significant correlations were observed between these carotenoids (at T 0 , T 4 and T 8 ). The three forms of consumption contributed to the rise of serum retinol levels. A comparison between the three forms revealed that papaya and mangoes consumed in form of juice or fresh fruit are the best forms because they had higher bioavailability values. Conclusion: Association of these different forms of consumptions could lead to a better availability of these fruits throughout the year and therefore efficiently contribute to improve vitamin A status of the population.

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Section: Table 5bmentioning

confidence: 44%

Systemic levels of carotenoids from mangoes and papaya consumed in three forms (juice, fresh and dry slice)

et al. 2007

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“…In addition to the large interindividual variation due to genetic differences, studies have shown that plasma concentration of carotenoids in blood is affected by factors like smoking and fat intake (Roodenburg et al, 2000;Alberg, 2002). The intake of supplements and fortified foods may also complicate the use of carotenoids as a biomarker for intake of fruits and vegetables.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Six carotenoids in plasma used to assess recommended intake of fruits and vegetables in a controlled feeding study

et al. 2004

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Background: There is a need for objective and universally applicable biomarkers for the intake of foods believed to affect human health. Objective: The purpose of this feeding study was to test whether plasma concentrations of carotenoids could be used to distinguish recommended consumption of mixed fruits and vegetables (five a day) from the current national intake of fruits and vegetables (two a day). Design: A strict crossover design was chosen to correct for observed interindividual variations in carotenoid response. A total of 40 healthy subjects were included in the study. After 1 week run-in period with no fruits and vegetables in the diet, one group was given two portions (300 g) of fruits and vegetables daily, while another group was given five portions (750 g) for 14 days. Following a 2 week wash-out period and 1 week run-in, the regimens were switched between the groups. Fruits and vegetables were combined to match a typical Norwegian diet. Results: Enhanced intake from two to five portions of mixed fruits and vegetables increased plasma concentrations of a-carotene (P ¼ 0.033) and lutein (P ¼ 0.051) in a crossover analysis. Analysis of data in the parallel part of the study revealed differences between the high and low intake for plasma concentrations of a-carotene (P ¼ 0.013) and b-carotene (P ¼ 0.016). A trend was also evident for plasma concentrations of lycopene (P ¼ 0.057) and lutein (P ¼ 0.076) in the parallel analysis. No effect of high vs low intake of fruits and vegetables was observed for plasma concentrations of b-cryptoxanthin, zeaxanthin, cholesterol and triacylglycerols. Conclusion: The study indicates that plasma concentration of a-carotene, b-carotene and lutein may be used to assess changes of fruit and vegetable intake corresponding to an increase from the present national intake in Norway to the recommended amount of five portions of fruits and vegetables daily.

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“…Doubling the amount of fat in In vitro accessibility of carotenes E Hedrén et al the meal had no further effect on the carotene absorption. No significant difference in plasma b-carotene response was shown in humans when spinach was ingested with 5 or 10 g of oil (Jayarajan et al, 1980) or when a b-carotene capsule was ingested with a low-fat (3 g) or a high-fat (32 g) diet (Roodenburg et al, 2000).…”

Section: Parameters Affecting the Bioaccessibility Of Carotenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of carotenoid accessibility from carrots determined by an in vitro digestion method

2002

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Objective: To develop an in vitro digestion method to assess the impact of heat treatment, particle size and presence of oil on the accessibility (available for absorption) of a-and b-carotene in carrots. Design: Raw and cooked carrots were either homogenized or cut into pieces similar to chewed items in size. The carrot samples, with or without added cooking oil, were exposed to an in vitro digestion procedure. Adding a pepsin -HCl solution at pH 2.0 simulated the gastric phase. In the subsequent intestinal phase, pH was adjusted to 7.5 and a pancreatin -bile extract mixture was added. Carotenoids released from the carrot matrix during the digestion were extracted and quantified on highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: Three percent of the total b-carotene content was released from raw carrots in pieces. When homogenized (pulped) 21% was released. Cooking the pulp increased the accessibility to 27%. Addition of cooking oil to the cooked pulp further increased the released amount to 39%. The trends for a-carotene were similar to those for b-carotene. Conclusion: The described in vitro digestion method allows a rapid estimation of carotene accessibility in processed carrots, which may reliably predict in vivo behavior.

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Amount of fat in the diet affects bioavailability of lutein esters but not of α-carotene, β-carotene, and vitamin E in humans

Cited by 237 publications

References 28 publications

Systemic levels of carotenoids from mangoes and papaya consumed in three forms (juice, fresh and dry slice)

Systemic levels of carotenoids from mangoes and papaya consumed in three forms (juice, fresh and dry slice)

Six carotenoids in plasma used to assess recommended intake of fruits and vegetables in a controlled feeding study

Estimation of carotenoid accessibility from carrots determined by an in vitro digestion method

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