Amorphous Diamond: A High-Pressure Superhard Carbon Allotrope

Lin, Yu; Zhang, Li; Mao, Ho Kwang; Chow, Paul; Xiao, Yuming; Baldini, Maria; Shu, Jinfu; Mao, Wendy L.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.107.175504

Cited by 132 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The scattered photon transfers a portion of energy corresponding to the Kedge of the low-Z sample, but can still exit the vessel to be registered on the analyzer-detector system. Inelastic K-edge scattering spectra of second-row elements from Li (56 eV) to O (543 eV) at HP opened up a wide new field of near K-edge spectroscopy of the second row elements, such as graphite [72,260], boron [261,262], hydrocarbons [263], oxygen in glasses (SiO2, B2O3, GeO2, MgSiO3) [264][265][266], and H2O [267,268]. Because the features in NIXS are sensitive to local "short range" structure, the technique has been particularly useful in revealing structural changes in non-crystalline materials at HP.…”

Section: Hp Non-resonant Inelastic X-ray Scatteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-pressure studies with x-rays using diamond anvil cells

2016

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Pressure profoundly alters all states of matter. The symbiotic development of ultrahighpressure diamond anvil cells, to compress samples to sustainable multi-megabar pressures; and synchrotron x-ray techniques, to probe materials' properties in situ, has enabled the exploration of rich high-pressure (HP) science. In this article, we first introduce the essential concept of diamond anvil cell technology, together with recent developments and its integration with other extreme environments. We then provide an overview of the latest developments in HP synchrotron techniques, their applications, and current problems, followed by a discussion of HP scientific studies using x-rays in the key multidisciplinary fields. These HP studies include: HP x-ray emission spectroscopy, which provides information on the filled electronic states of HP samples; HP x-ray Raman spectroscopy, which probes the HP chemical bonding changes of light elements; HP electronic inelastic x-ray scattering spectroscopy, which accesses high energy electronic phenomena, including electronic band structure, Fermi surface, excitons, plasmons, and their dispersions; HP resonant inelastic x-ray scattering spectroscopy, which probes shallow core excitations, multiplet structures, and spin-resolved electronic structure; HP nuclear resonant x-ray spectroscopy, which provides phonon densities of state and time-resolved Mössbauer information; HP x-ray imaging, which provides information on hierarchical structures, dynamic processes, and internal strains; HP x-ray diffraction, which determines the fundamental structures and densities of single-crystal, polycrystalline, nanocrystalline, and non-crystalline materials; and HP radial x-ray diffraction, which yields deviatoric, elastic and rheological information. Integrating these tools with hydrostatic or uniaxial pressure media, laser and resistive heating, and cryogenic cooling, has enabled investigations of the structural, vibrational, electronic, and magnetic properties of materials over a wide range of pressure-temperature conditions.

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Section: Hp Non-resonant Inelastic X-ray Scatteringmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-pressure studies with x-rays using diamond anvil cells

2016

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“…In this review, a detailed history of the study of graphite under high pressure and room temperature will be given, beginning with the observation of the pressure-induced phase transition in graphite through numerous characterization techniques, controversial identification of the high-pressure graphite phase, long-term efforts to solve this discrepancy, and securing an elegant solution to this enigma on the basis of comparison of experimental results with existing theoretical computations [e.g., 14,15]. Further, the high-pressure room-temperature phase transition of graphite is sensitive to the form of the starting materials [16][17][18]. For this reason, we focus on crystalline hexagonal graphite, rather than amorphous graphite, fullerenes or carbon nanotubes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From soft to superhard: Fifty years of experiments on cold-compressed graphite

Wang

Lee

2012

J. Superhard Mater.

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“…These properties are essential for the application of GC to engineering components under extreme environmental conditions. GC has been extensively investigated recently because of its fascinating high-pressure behaviours [11][12][13][14] . A fully sp 3 -bonded amorphous carbon with diamond-like strength was reversibly transformed from cold compressing type-I GC above 40 GPa (ref.…”

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confidence: 99%

Nanoarchitectured materials composed of fullerene-like spheroids and disordered graphene layers with tunable mechanical properties

et al. 2015

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Type-II glass-like carbon is a widely used material with a unique combination of properties including low density, high strength, extreme impermeability to gas and liquid and resistance to chemical corrosion. It can be considered as a carbon-based nanoarchitectured material, consisting of a disordered multilayer graphene matrix encasing numerous randomly distributed nanosized fullerene-like spheroids. Here we show that under both hydrostatic compression and triaxial deformation, this high-strength material is highly compressible and exhibits a superelastic ability to recover from large strains. Under hydrostatic compression, bulk, shear and Young's moduli decrease anomalously with pressure, reaching minima around 1-2 GPa, where Poisson's ratio approaches zero, and then revert to normal behaviour with positive pressure dependences. Controlling the concentration, size and shape of fullerene-like spheroids with tailored topological connectivity to graphene layers is expected to yield exceptional and tunable mechanical properties, similar to mechanical metamaterials, with potentially wide applications.

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Amorphous Diamond: A High-Pressure Superhard Carbon Allotrope

Cited by 132 publications

References 48 publications

High-pressure studies with x-rays using diamond anvil cells

High-pressure studies with x-rays using diamond anvil cells

From soft to superhard: Fifty years of experiments on cold-compressed graphite

Nanoarchitectured materials composed of fullerene-like spheroids and disordered graphene layers with tunable mechanical properties

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