Amorphous CdO‐In₂O₃ Electrode for Perovskite‐Based Bifacial and Tandem Photovoltaic Technologies with High Energy Production

Abstract

Energy production of perovskite‐based photovoltaic (PV) technology can be increased not only by improving device efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) but also by innovative concepts such as bifacial and tandem configurations which require low‐damage and highly transparent top electrodes. Herein, an amorphous CdO‐In2O3 alloy film with high transparency and low resistivity and its application in a bifacial PVSC and a perovskite/Si 4T tandem solar cell are reported. Due to the high optical transmittance, the CdO‐In2O3‐based PVSC shows a high bifaciality factor of 84.0%, and the CdO‐In2O3‐based perovskite/Si 4T tandem solar cell achieves a champion power conversion efficiency of 25.12%, much higher than the indium tin oxide based tandem cell. Finally, a yearly energy yield calculation and levelized cost of energy (LCOE) analysis for these PV technologies (together with Si single‐junction solar cells as a reference) in Singapore, Australia, and Germany are conducted. The results demonstrate the potential of CdO‐In2O3‐based perovskite PV technologies, yet more efforts are still required to further reduce the manufacturing cost to achieve competitive LCOE values in countries with relatively low PV installation cost.

Roadmap on commercialization of metal halide perovskite photovoltaics

“…It has been demonstrated that Ag nanowires, metal mesh, and carbon-based materials, such as carbon nanotubes and graphene, show better mechanical stability than crystalline ITO, but the corresponding flexible PSCs exhibit lower device performance. A recent work shows that amorphous Cd-doped indium oxides with improved mechanical, electrical, and optical properties can effectively replace ITO as the transparent electrode for flexible PSCs, which exhibit very decent efficiency and stability [26]. Such development may pave the way for the development of new transparent conducting oxide films that are more suitable for flexible electronic applications, including flexible PSCs.…”