Amorphous and Crystalline Solids as Artifacts in SEM Images

Milliken, Kitty L.; Olson, Terri

doi:10.1306/13592013m1122252

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Amorphous or crystalline solid artefact formation has been previously reported during SEM sample preparation. 35,36 Alternatively, crystallization may have occurred during cathodic operation (at -1.06 V vs Ag/AgCl and pH of approximately 6.7). EDX on the AC-Ni 5% electrode after MES operation revealed large particles that consist of Ni on top of the biofilm surface (indicated with red arrow in Figure 8).…”

Section: Microbial Utilization Of Dissolved Nickel and Formation Of N...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Concentration-dependent effects of nickel doping on activated carbon biocathodes

Chatzipanagiotou

Jourdin

Bitter

et al. 2022

Catal. Sci. Technol.

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Section: Microbial Utilization Of Dissolved Nickel and Formation Of N...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Catalysis Science and Technology Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentration-dependent effects of nickel doping on activated carbon biocathodes

Chatzipanagiotou

Jourdin

Bitter

et al. 2022

Catal. Sci. Technol.

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“…It is worth noting that other artifacts (e.g., shrinkage cracks, curtaining, redeposition, ion-beam striations) associated with sample preparation (e.g., drying, mechanical polishing, Ar ion polishing) may be mistaken for pores, but these artifacts can be easily identified based on close observation and practical experience (Fig. 2) [15,21,28].…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pore types of oil shale in Jilin Province, Northeastern China

Lu¹,

Zhou²,

Jia³

et al. 2023

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To better understand and characterize pores in oil shale systems, samples from four significant oil shale-bearing formations of the Songliao, Huadian and Luozigou basins in Jilin Province, Northeastern China, namely Qingshankou (QSK), Nenjiang (NJ), Fengtai (FT) and Longteng (LT), were prepared by breaking fresh surfaces and argon (Ar) ion polishing both perpendicular and parallel to bedding and imaged using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). Interparticle (interP), intraparticle (intraP) and organic matter (OM) pores are the three types of pores between or within particles of oil shale, i.e., fossils, minerals and OM. All four samples contain interP and intraP pores, but only minor OM pores occur in sample QSK. Sample FT has significant amounts of intrafossil and dissolution (intraparticle) pores due to the abundance of microfossils and the dissolution possibly caused by OM decarboxylation. Sample NJ has the highest pyrite content and contains the greatest amount of pyrite intercrystalline (intraparticle) pores, differently from sample QSK, whose amount of these pores is the lowest. Sample LT enriched with clastic particles has a large number of intercrystalline (interparticle)pores. These pores are primarily at micro-to nano-scales with various shapes, from irregular to elongated to triangular to polyhedral to rounded to elliptical, etc. There are differences in the contents of particles and OM pores between oil shales in Jilin Province and gas shales in North America. The reasons for these differences may be due to the diverse sedimentary environments and levels of maturity of oil shales. Besides, high-resolution scanning electron microscope imaging can be used to describe the diagenetic processes of oil shale.

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“…Figure 4.1 SE (left) and BSE (right) photomicrographs showing pore-filling artifact, material is re-deposited during Ar-ion milling (Rd). In this instance, the redeposited material is discerned from natural precipitated material by the following: (1) presence of metallic elements derived from machine parts; (2) non-euhedral pore-size shapes; (3) asymmetric orientations; and (4) light color of material inside organic-matter-lined-pores (Milliken and Olson, 2016). Table 4.1 Facies comparison of average nanoscale organic matter measurements to average microscale LECO TOC measurements.…”

Section: Nanoscale Evaluation: Organic Content and Kerogen Typementioning

confidence: 99%

Reservoir Characterization of the Bone Spring and Wolfcamp Formations, Delaware Basin, Ward County, West Texas

Bievenour¹,

Sonnenberg²

2019

Proceedings of the 7th Unconventional Resources Technology Conference

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The Bone Spring and Wolfcamp formations of the Delaware Basin consist of mixed sediment gravity flow and suspension sedimentation deposits. These deposits exhibit high levels of heterogeneity both at and below core and log scales. Conventional characterization efforts are too coarse to capture small-scale changes in lithology, rock properties, and reservoir quality observed in these unconventional deposits. A key goal of this work is to develop a framework to delineate complex heterogeneities at core and log scales. Due to the heterolithic nature of these strata, an integrated, multiscale approach to unconventional reservoir characterization is required to understand factors controlling reservoir quality. This study utilizes well logs and core data from two key wells, including high-resolution image data from thin sections and SEM, to (1) identify facies across multiple scales and (2) provide an in-depth characterization of reservoir properties in the Bone Spring and Wolfcamp formations along the eastern margin of the Delaware Basin. An integrated approach utilizing core (721 ft.), thin sections (70 samples), XRD analysis (64 samples), and high-resolution images (882 images) identified a total of nine facies. Each facies is comprised of different textures, mineralogy, and pore types. These differences and their effects on reservoir properties are illustrated in this research. Core-based measurements of source rock properties and reservoir properties were used to identify two primary reservoir facies, two secondary reservoir facies, two marginal reservoir facies and three non-reservoir facies. Within the study area, Ward County, the Bone Spring and Wolfcamp formations are in the early mature oil window, the preponderance of maturity data suggest a likely maturity of about 0.8% Ro, ranging 0.69%Ro-0.91%Ro. Four reservoir facies are organically rich with average wt.% TOC as follows; argillaceous-siliceous mudstone (3.1 wt.%, n=21), argillaceoussiliceous siltstone (2.0 wt.%, n=7), calcareous-siliceous mudstone (3.0 wt.%, n=15), and calcareous-siliceous siltstone (2.3 wt.%, n=7). The two primary reservoir facies are mudstones and contain comparable bulk mineralogy to the two secondary reservoir facies, which are siliceous siltstones. Secondary reservoir facies contain more detrital grains and less organic matter than their finer-grained mineralogically-equivalent primary reservoir facies. Lower organic content in secondary reservoir facies is related to dilution of organic matter via iv extrabasinal influx of detrital grains and possible consumption by benthic fauna in oxygenated conditions. These detrital grains are associated with higher sedimentation rates which effectively dilutes initial organic content, consequentially constraining present day total organic carbon values. Origin and type of silica is important for reservoir quality. Non-reservoir facies, biogenic siliceous mudstone, is similar in bulk mineralogy to primary reservoir facies, argillaceous siliceous mudstone. The former contains the least amount of...

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Amorphous and Crystalline Solids as Artifacts in SEM Images

Cited by 6 publications

References 6 publications

Concentration-dependent effects of nickel doping on activated carbon biocathodes

Concentration-dependent effects of nickel doping on activated carbon biocathodes

Pore types of oil shale in Jilin Province, Northeastern China

Reservoir Characterization of the Bone Spring and Wolfcamp Formations, Delaware Basin, Ward County, West Texas

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