Among women undergoing embryo transfer, is the probability of pregnancy and live birth improved with ultrasound guidance over clinical touch alone? A systemic review and meta-analysis of prospective randomized trials

Transvaginal versus transabdominal ultrasound guidance for embryo transfer in donor oocyte recipients: a randomized clinical trial

“…Answers: None, minor, moderate, or strong. [3] How would you evaluate your comfort during the procedure as a whole? Answers: No discomfort, minor discomfort, moderate discomfort, or strong discomfort.…”

“…One of the factors that may improve the outcome of the procedure is the use of ultrasound guidance (1). Evidence emerging from 17 to 20 randomized controlled trials comparing ultrasound guidance versus the ''clinical touch'' method for ET was evaluated in three meta-analyses (2)(3)(4). In all three of them, clinical pregnancy rates were found to be statistically significantly higher (odds ratio 1.31-1.50) with transabdominal (TA) ultrasound guidance.…”

SubEndometrial Embryo Delivery (SEED) with Egg Donation – Mechanical Embryo Implantation

“…This list includes ultrasound-controlled transcervical intrauterine transfer or transmyometrial transfer and more invasive procedures, often referred to as surgical ET, which include: gamete intra-fallopian transfer (GIFT), zygote intra-fallopian transfer (ZIFT), pronuclear stage transfer and embryo intrafallopian transfer (EIFT) (14)(15)(16)(17). Although ultrasound guided ET was desired to improve successful pregnancy outcomes and reduce side effects, it has been received with mixed results (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32). It also requires simultaneous coordination of two professionals, the physician who performs the transfer and the ultrasonographer (29).…”

A Case of Ovarian Ectopic Pregnancy after In-Vitro-Fertilization

“…It has been suggested that inadequate catheter insertion and excessive medium may lead to dispersion of embryos, called the "spray and drift" effect [17,18]. As to catheter positioning, a recent meta-analysis revealed no increase in ectopic pregnancy rates following "clinical touch" method of embryo transfer compared to ultrasound-guided ET, although ultrasound guidance significantly improved the chance of a live birth [19].…”