Ammonothermal synthesis of GaN using Ba(NH2)2 as mineralizer

Hertrampf, Jan; Alt, Nicolas S. A.; Schlücker, Eberhard; Knetzger, Michael; Meissner, Η.; Niewa, Rainer

doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2016.08.024

Cited by 12 publications

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“…Heating a mixture of Ba and Ga metal in liquid ammonia above 600 K, we have recently observed the formation of h ‐GaN and Ba(NH 2 ) 2 in the hot zone of the autoclave . To the best of our knowledge, this was the first report on the ammonothermal synthesis of h ‐GaN with use of an alkaline earth metal based mineralizer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…All these compounds contain isolated [Ga(NH 2 ) 4 ] – complex ions, which were speculated to function as intermediates in GaN crystal growth . Herein, we report the intermediate Ba[Ga(NH 2 ) 4 ] 2 in a first successful ammonothermal h ‐GaN crystal growth using Ba(NH 2 ) 2 as mineralizer and characterize three solid modifications with use of crystal‐structure determinations, vibrational spectroscopy, and thermal analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three Solid Modifications of Ba[Ga(NH₂)₄]₂: A Soluble Intermediate in Ammonothermal GaN Crystal Growth

et al. 2017

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Ammonothermally grown GaN crystals are highly demanded as superior substrates for manufacturing high-performance blue and white LEDs. Ba or Ba(NH 2 ) 2 can act as effective mineralizers under ammonothermal conditions (523 K, 110-150 MPa) and lead to the formation of barium bis(tetramidogallate), Ba[Ga(NH 2 ) 4 ] 2 , a new intermediate in h-GaN synthesis, which was obtained in three solid forms. Single crystals of all three modifications were characterized by X-ray diffraction [a]

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three Solid Modifications of Ba[Ga(NH₂)₄]₂: A Soluble Intermediate in Ammonothermal GaN Crystal Growth

et al. 2017

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“…Recently,the first syntheses of GaN with Sr(NH 2 ) 2 and Ba(NH 2 ) 2 were reported as well. [41] Growth proceeds from the cold to the hot zone within the autoclave due to the retrograde solubility of GaNo bserved for basic systems. On the other hand, ammonium halidesN H 4 X (X = F, Cl, Br,I ), as well as GaI 3 or ZnCl 2 ,c an be employed for ammonoacidic crystal growth.…”

Section: Group 13 Nitridesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonothermal Synthesis of Nitrides: Recent Developments and Future Perspectives

Häusler

Schnick

2018

Chemistry A European J

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Nitrides represent an intriguing class of functional materials with a broad range of application fields. Within the past decade, the ammonothermal method became increasingly attractive for the synthesis and crystal growth of nitride materials. The ammonothermal approach proved to be eminently suitable for the growth of bulk III-nitride semiconductors like GaN, and furthermore provided access to numerous ternary and multinary nitrides and oxonitrides with promising optical and electronic properties. In this minireview, we will shed light on the latest research findings covering the synthesis of nitrides by this method. An overview of synthesis strategies for binary, ternary, and multinary nitrides and oxonitrides, as well as their properties and potential applications will be given. The recent development of autoclave technologies for syntheses at high temperatures and pressures, in situ methods for investigations of crystallization processes, and solubility measurements by ultrasonic velocity experiments is briefly reviewed as well. In conclusion, challenges and future perspectives regarding the synthesis and crystal growth of novel nitrides, as well as the advancement of autoclave techniques are discussed.

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“…There is only a few data in literature for the solubility of the alkaline earth metals and their respective amides in supercritical ammonia, however both metals were reported to show good solubility . On the other hand, Sr(NH 2 ) 2 was reported to be less soluble than Ba(NH 2 ) 2 . Therefore, larger crystals should be formed for the Ba compounds, if formation of the respective amide correlates with the crystallization process.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonothermal Synthesis of EAMO₂N (EA = Sr, Ba; M = Nb, Ta) Perovskites and ¹⁴N Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopic Investigations of AM(O,N)₃ (A = Ca, Sr, Ba, La)

2018

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Alkaline earth oxonitride perovskites EAMO 2 N (EA = Sr, Ba; M = Nb, Ta) were synthesized by the ammonothermal method at temperatures of 900 K and maximum pressures of up to 300 MPa in custom-built autoclaves starting from Nb or Ta and Sr or Ba metals. The reactions were performed under ammonobasic conditions using NaN 3 and NaOH as mineralizers. Powder X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement were used to determine the crystal structures. The elemental composition and morphology of the obtained products were investigated [a] 5020 group "Chemistry and Technology of the Ammonothermal Synthesis of Nitrides" (FOR 1600), project SCHN377/16-2, as well as the Fonds der Chemischen Industrie (FCI). We would like to thank Christian Minke for EDX, SEM, and NMR spectroscopic measurements, as well as Lukas Bauer (both at the Department of Chemistry of LMU Munich) for synthetic assistance.

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Ammonothermal synthesis of GaN using Ba(NH2)2 as mineralizer

Cited by 12 publications

References 29 publications

Three Solid Modifications of Ba[Ga(NH₂)₄]₂: A Soluble Intermediate in Ammonothermal GaN Crystal Growth

Three Solid Modifications of Ba[Ga(NH₂)₄]₂: A Soluble Intermediate in Ammonothermal GaN Crystal Growth

Ammonothermal Synthesis of Nitrides: Recent Developments and Future Perspectives

Ammonothermal Synthesis of EAMO₂N (EA = Sr, Ba; M = Nb, Ta) Perovskites and ¹⁴N Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopic Investigations of AM(O,N)₃ (A = Ca, Sr, Ba, La)

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Ammonothermal synthesis of GaN using Ba(NH2)2 as mineralizer

Cited by 12 publications

References 29 publications

Three Solid Modifications of Ba[Ga(NH2)4]2: A Soluble Intermediate in Ammonothermal GaN Crystal Growth

Three Solid Modifications of Ba[Ga(NH2)4]2: A Soluble Intermediate in Ammonothermal GaN Crystal Growth

Ammonothermal Synthesis of Nitrides: Recent Developments and Future Perspectives

Ammonothermal Synthesis of EAMO2N (EA = Sr, Ba; M = Nb, Ta) Perovskites and 14N Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopic Investigations of AM(O,N)3 (A = Ca, Sr, Ba, La)

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Three Solid Modifications of Ba[Ga(NH₂)₄]₂: A Soluble Intermediate in Ammonothermal GaN Crystal Growth

Three Solid Modifications of Ba[Ga(NH₂)₄]₂: A Soluble Intermediate in Ammonothermal GaN Crystal Growth

Ammonothermal Synthesis of EAMO₂N (EA = Sr, Ba; M = Nb, Ta) Perovskites and ¹⁴N Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopic Investigations of AM(O,N)₃ (A = Ca, Sr, Ba, La)