Ammonium persulfate: a safe alternative oxidizing reagent for measuring urinary iodine

Pino, Sam; Fang, Shiuh-Bin; Braverman, Lewis E.

doi:10.1093/clinchem/42.2.239

Cited by 301 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Iodine was detected from its catalytic reduction of ceric ammonium sulphate in the presence of arsenious acid. Extremely close correlation (r= 0.994) is suggested between the persulfate method and reference chloric acid method (10).…”

Section: Urinary Iodine Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 88%

Iodine Deficiency and Goiter Prevalence of the Adult Population in Erzurum

Akarsu

Akçay

Capoglu

et al. 2005

Acta Med. (Hradec Kralove, Czech Repub.)

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SubjectsThe subjects of the study were chosen among the people who were born in Erzurum and still living there. Study sample was drawn through cluster sampling method. Each 39 Summary: It is believed that total goiter prevalence in Turkey is as high as 30.5%. The iodine deficiency is the distinct etiologic factor in the development of goiter. The aim of this study was to determine goiter prevalence and iodine deficiency in adults living in Erzurum (1659 m above sea level) for at least 10 year. The study involved 340 people (192 females, 148 males). The median age was 38.5 year (ranging from 20 to 76 years). Ultrasound-measured thyroid volume (TV) for men (TV>25 ml) and for women (TV>18 ml) was considered goiter indicator. By this evaluation, goiter was diagnosed in 94 (27.6 %) cases, whereas the goiter prevalence, based on the palpation method, was 5.6%. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was measured by ammonium persulfate method. UIC in subjects with goiter was significantly lower than that of the others (median values 5.0 vs 7.8 µg/dl, p<0.0001). While the value of UIC≥10 µg/dl (no. 121, 36.6%) was accepted normal, the extent of iodine deficiency in other subjects was classified as severe (UIC<2.0 µg/dl, no.53, 15.6%), moderate (UIC =2.0-4.9 µg/dl, no.75, 22%) and mild (UIC=5.0-9.9 µg/dl, no.91, 26.8%). TV values were found to be significantly different among the four groups (p<0.05). TV values were significantly correlated with body surface area and UIC (r=0.15 and r= -0.16, respectively, p<0.005). Also, the prevalence of thyroid nodules was estimated as 2.1% by palpation and 18% by ultrasonography. We conclude that goiter originating from iodine deficiency has been an important health problem in Erzurum. Besides taking measures at national level, local factors and risks which interfere with the nationwide efforts should also be dealt with for the eradication of the iodine deficiency problem. In the region, periodical evaluation of iodine level and iodine related disorders will guide the measures to be taken for the well being of people's general health.

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Section: Urinary Iodine Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 88%

Iodine Deficiency and Goiter Prevalence of the Adult Population in Erzurum

Akarsu

Akçay

Capoglu

et al. 2005

Acta Med. (Hradec Kralove, Czech Repub.)

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“…For transport shorter than 8 h, they were transported in room temperature, which does not influence their quality. UIC in spot urine samples was measured by a single laboratory technician at the Department of Clinical Nutrition at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg (Göteborg, Sweden) using the Pino modification of the Sandell-Kolthoff reaction [23]. The laboratory successfully participates in the EQUIP network (US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA) and is evaluated for analytical accuracy every 3 months.…”

Section: Urinary Iodine and Creatinine Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodine deficiency in pregnant women in Sweden: a national cross-sectional study

et al. 2019

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Purpose Voluntary salt iodization at 50 mg/kg salt ensures adequate iodine nutrition in Swedish school-aged children, but iodine status in pregnant women is uncertain. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional national study of 743 pregnant women, at median gestational age of 23 weeks (IQR 9, 38), recruited from maternal health care centers. We measured: urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and urinary creatinine concentration in spot urine samples; thyroglobulin (Tg), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and total thyroxine (tT4) on dried blood spots (DBS); and thyreoperoxidase antibodies in serum samples. Data on dietary supplement use were obtained, and women were classified as supplement users (consuming multivitamins containing ≥ 150 µg iodine/day) and non-supplement users (no supplements or < 150 µg iodine/day from supplements). Results Overall median UIC [bootstrapped 95% confidence interval (CI)] was 101 µg/L (95, 108; n = 737): 149 µg/L (132, 164) in supplement users (n = 253) and 85 µg/L (79, 92) in non-supplement users (n = 440) (p < 0.001). Overall geometric mean DBS-Tg (95% CI) was 22.1 μg/L (20.8, 23.5; n = 675) and the prevalence of elevated DBS-Tg was 19%. DBS-Tg was lower in supplement users (n = 229) than in non-supplement users (n = 405) (19.1 vs 24.4 μg/L, p < 0.001). DBS-TSH, DBS-tT4, and S-TPOab positivity did not differ between the two groups. Conclusions Pregnant women in Sweden have inadequate iodine nutrition. Women not taking iodine supplements containing ≥ 150 µg iodine/day are affected by mild iodine deficiency and are at higher risk for increased thyroid activity, while maintaining euthyroidism. Iodine intake should be improved in women both before and after conception by promotion of iodized salt instead of non-iodized salt. We urge regular monitoring of iodine status in the general Swedish population, as well as in risk groups.

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“…Because the association of BMI and health risk in Caucasian and Asian populations is different, women were classified by weight status using BMI reference ranges for Asian populations: <18.5 kg m -2 (underweight), 18.5-22.9 kg m -2 (normal range), 23.0-24.9 kg m -2 (overweight), and Ն25.0 kg m -2 (obese) (WHO/IASO/ IOTF 2000). A spot urine sample was collected, aliquoted, stored at -20°C and UIC was measured using the Pino modification of the Sandell-Kolthoff reaction (Pino et al 1996) at the Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University. This laboratory successfully participates in the EQUIP external control program for UIC analysis from the CDC in Atlanta, USA.…”

Section: Key Messagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overweight increases risk of first trimester hypothyroxinaemia in iodine‐deficient pregnant women

Gowachirapant

Melse‐Boonstra

Winichagoon

et al. 2013

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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Hypothyroxinaemia early in pregnancy may impair fetal brain development. Increased body weight has been associated with low thyroxine concentrations in non-pregnant women. In pregnant women, morbid maternal obesity is a risk factor for thyroid dysfunction. But whether lesser degrees of overweight that are much more common could be a risk factor for hypothyroxinaemia in pregnancy is unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate if overweight increases risk for thyroid dysfunction, and specifically hypothyroxinaemia, in iodine-deficient pregnant women. We performed a cross-sectional study at first hospital visit among healthy Thai pregnant women. We measured weight and height, urinary iodine concentration (UIC), serum thyroid hormones and thyroglobulin. Pre-pregnancy weight and relevant dietary factors were determined by questionnaire, and body mass index (BMI) was used to classify weight status. Among 514 women (mean gestational age, 11 weeks) with a median UIC of 111 μg dL(-1) , indicating mild iodine deficiency, 12% had low free thyroxine (fT4) concentrations: 3% had overt hypothyroidism; 7% had subclinical hypothyroidism; and 8% had isolated hypothyroxinaemia. Based on pre-pregnancy BMI, 26% of women were overweight or obese. In a multiple regression model, BMI was a negative predictor of fT4 (β = -0.20, P < 0.001). Compared to normal weight women, the prevalence ratio (95% CI) of a low fT4 in overweight women was 3.64 (2.08-6.37) (P < 0.01). Iodine-deficient pregnant Thai women who are overweight have a 3.6-fold higher risk of hypothyroxinaemia in the first trimester compared to normal weight women. Targeted screening should consider overweight a potential risk factor for thyroid dysfunction in pregnant women in iodine-deficient areas.

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Ammonium persulfate: a safe alternative oxidizing reagent for measuring urinary iodine

Cited by 301 publications

References 12 publications

Iodine Deficiency and Goiter Prevalence of the Adult Population in Erzurum

Iodine Deficiency and Goiter Prevalence of the Adult Population in Erzurum

Iodine deficiency in pregnant women in Sweden: a national cross-sectional study

Overweight increases risk of first trimester hypothyroxinaemia in iodine‐deficient pregnant women

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