Ammonium Hydroxide Treatment on Wheat Straw

Solaiman, S. G.; Horn, G. W.; Owens, F. N.

doi:10.2527/jas1979.493802x

Cited by 64 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 72 publications

(105 reference statements)

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“…The tall variety appears to be more digestible compared to the short variety (635 vs 550 g kg -1 DM). The increase in IVDMD agrees with those of Hartley and Jones (1978) and Soleiman et al (1979) although the increments obtained in this study were slightly higher.…”

Section: In Vitro Dry Matter Disappearance and Crude Proteinsupporting

confidence: 81%

Effects of Treatment of Sorghum Stover Residue With Ammonium Hydroxide on Cell Wall Composition and in vitro Digestibility

Yousuf¹,

Dismuke²,

Kering³

et al. 2014

JAS

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The study was undertaken to determine the effects of ammonium hydroxide (NH 4 OH) treatment of sorghum stover residue on composition and in vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) of two sorghum varieties, Dale (tall, sweet sorghum variety) and Brown mid rib (BMR) (Short, grain sorghum variety). The residue was treated with; water only (T00), 50 g NH 4 OH kg -1 residue dry matter (DM) (T50), 100 g NH 4 OH kg -1 DM (T100), and untreated control (neither water nor NH 4 OH) (TUN) and allowed to react for one week before chemical analysis was performed. The fiber content (ADF and NDF) were not affected by the levels of alkali treatment but the crude protein (CP) and Soluble protein contents were both increased by alkali treatment. There was an increase (P < 0.05) in dry matter digestibility in vitro (IVDMD) by NH 4 OH treatment from 529 g kg -1 to 651 g kg -1 in T50 and T100. The improvement in IVDMD may indicate that NH 4 OH helps disrupt the lignin-carbohydrate complexes. The development of more economical and safe procedures which improve digestibility of the structural cell wall components would be very beneficial for improving the use of crop residue as feedstock for livestock and bioethanol production.

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Section: In Vitro Dry Matter Disappearance and Crude Proteinsupporting

confidence: 81%

Effects of Treatment of Sorghum Stover Residue With Ammonium Hydroxide on Cell Wall Composition and in vitro Digestibility

Yousuf¹,

Dismuke²,

Kering³

et al. 2014

JAS

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show abstract

“…5), 60.8% of the theoretical maximum yield, at an ethanol concentration of 40.0 g/L (5.1 vol/ vol%) without the need for washing, detoxification, and nutrient supplementation. During AFEX pretreatment, there was no sugar loss and total material mass was increased by 1-2%, probably due to the ammonia binding onto the biomass (19). The mass balance around the enzymatic hydrolysis step achieved 98.9% and 107.1% closure for glucose and xylose, respectively.…”

Section: The Effects Of Soluble Substances From Afex-cs On Xylose Fermentioning

confidence: 80%

Cellulosic ethanol production from AFEX-treated corn stover using Saccharomyces cerevisiae 424A(LNH-ST)

Lau

Dale²

2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

328

200

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Current technology using corn stover (CS) as feedstock, Ammonia Fiber Expansion (AFEX) as the pretreatment technology, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 424A(LNH-ST) as the ethanologenic strain in Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation was able to achieve 191.5 g EtOH/kg untreated CS, at an ethanol concentration of 40.0 g/L (5.1 vol/vol%) without washing of pretreated biomass, detoxification, or nutrient supplementation. Enzymatic hydrolysis at high solids loading was identified as the primary bottleneck affecting overall ethanol yield and titer. Degradation compounds in AFEX-pretreated biomass were shown to increase metabolic yield and specific ethanol production while decreasing the cell biomass generation. Nutrients inherently present in CS and those resulting from biomass processing are sufficient to support microbial growth during fermentation. This platform offers the potential to improve the economics of cellulosic ethanol production by reducing the costs associated with raw materials, process water, and capital equipment.AFEX ͉ fermentation ͉ Lignocellulose ͉ biofuel

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“…Ammoniation of the straw used in trial 2, which was weathered, resulted in only small increases in IVDMD (4.2 percentage units) and CP (3.0 percentage units) content, while NDF decreased by 4.4 percentage units (table 4). Additionally, the weathered straw appeared to contain more NDF, ADF, ADL and less IVDMD than the straw used in Trial 1 and the increase was less than previously observed (Solaiman et al, 1978;Faulkner, 1980). The N fractions (table 4), NH3-N, NDF-N and ADF-N, were enriched to a greater extent, even though the total N enrichment was less, in the weathered straw (Trial 2) than in the unweathered straw (Trial 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 44%

“…Ammoniation enhances the N content of feedstuffs, with the largest retained fraction as free ammonia (Solaiman et al, 1978;Abidin and Kempton, 1981). But N is also present in bound forms (Kowalczyk, 1977) that may (Millar, 1944;McCall and Graham, 1953;Horton, 1979;Horton and Steacy, 1979) or may not (Hershberger et al, 1959;Garrett et al, 1974;Oji et al, 1977 Borhami andJohnsen, 1981) be utilized.…”

Section: Introductiopmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein Supplementation of Ammoniated Roughages. II. Wheat Straw Supplemented with Alfalfa, Blood Meal or Soybean Meal Fed to Wintering Steers

Rush

Klopfenstein

1985

Journal of Animal Science

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University of ~e b r a s k a~, Lincoln 68583-0908 ABSTRACTTwo winter steer growth trials were conducted to investigate responses of steer calves t o ammoniation of wheat straw, level of alfalfa haylage (50 or 66.7% of diet) and source of supplemental protein, soybean meal (SBM), blood meal (BM), or a blood meal-urea mixture (BM-U). In trial 1, the main effect of arnmoniation significantly increased average daily gain (ADG) from .15 t o .24 kgld, dry matter intake (DMI) from 4.86 to 5.29 kgld and gainlfeed from .029 to .044. The higher level of alfalfa haylage significantly increased DM1 from 4.78 to 5.36 kgld. Gain during a subsequent grazing period was unaffected by winter diet. In trial 2, the main effect of ammoniation significantly increased ADG from .26 to .38 kgld and DM1 from 4.28 to 4.78 kg/d. The main effect of supplement showed that ADG was significantly greater for the SBM-fed steers than for either the BM-or BM-U-fed steers. A significant ammonia X supplement interaction was noted for gain1 feed; the response due to protein supplement differed, depending on whether or not the straw was ammoniated.

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Ammonium Hydroxide Treatment on Wheat Straw

Cited by 64 publications

References 72 publications

Effects of Treatment of Sorghum Stover Residue With Ammonium Hydroxide on Cell Wall Composition and in vitro Digestibility

Effects of Treatment of Sorghum Stover Residue With Ammonium Hydroxide on Cell Wall Composition and in vitro Digestibility

Cellulosic ethanol production from AFEX-treated corn stover using Saccharomyces cerevisiae 424A(LNH-ST)

Protein Supplementation of Ammoniated Roughages. II. Wheat Straw Supplemented with Alfalfa, Blood Meal or Soybean Meal Fed to Wintering Steers

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