Protein Supplementation of Ammoniated Roughages. II. Wheat Straw Supplemented with Alfalfa, Blood Meal or Soybean Meal Fed to Wintering Steers

Rush, Ivan G.; Klopfenstein, Terry J.

doi:10.2527/jas1985.611245x

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 19 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Ammoniation has been considered the most practical chemical method for improving the nutritive value of wheat straw (Birkelo et al, 1986). Previous research has shown that beef cattle performance improves when ammoniated wheat straw (AWS) diets are supplemented with protein (Nelson et al, 1985;Males et al, 1986;Beck et al, 1992). However, the optimal level for that protein supplementation has not been well defined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein supplementation of ammoniated wheat straw: effect on performance and forage utilization of beef cattle

Fike

Simms

Cochran

et al. 1995

Journal of Animal Science

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We studied the effects of supplement CP concentration on performance and forage use of cattle allowed ad libitum access to ammoniated wheat straw. During two consecutive winters, crossbred beef cows in late gestation (n = 87 in 1990-1991, n = 84 in 1991-1992) were used in a randomized complete block design with three pens per treatment. Cows were stratified by weight, body condition score (BCS), age, and breed and randomly assigned within strata to 1) control (C, no supplement), or 2 kg/d of 2) low-protein (LP) supplement (12% CP), 3) moderate-protein (MP) supplement (20.1% CP), or 4) high-protein (HP) supplement (31.7% CP) (DM basis). The feeding period was 84 d in 1990-1991 and 60 d in 1991-1992. Supplementation (C vs LP, MP, or HP) increased (P < .01) cow weight gains (32.7 vs 60.7, 62.8, and 72.4 kg, respectively) and improved (P < .01) BCS. Calf birth weights, weaning weights, and ADG were not affected by treatment (P > or = .20). Average calving date, percentage of cows cycling at the start of the breeding season and percentage pregnant after a 60-d breeding season were also similar (P > .20) among treatments. Sixteen ruminally fistulated steers (482 kg, four steers per treatment) were blocked by weight and assigned to the same four supplements in a 30-d digestion trial. Supplementation increased (P < .01) digestible DMI and forage DMI (P < or = .04) and tended (P = .09) to increase digestible NDF intake but did not alter (P > or = .15) apparent DM or NDF digestibility.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein supplementation of ammoniated wheat straw: effect on performance and forage utilization of beef cattle

Fike

Simms

Cochran

et al. 1995

Journal of Animal Science

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Ammoniation of moldy and nonmoldy prairie hay and its feeding value for sheep

Khan

Smith

Rankins

1995

Small Ruminant Research

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Effects of Energy Supplementation of Ammoniated Barley Straw on Performance of Cull Beef Cows

Momont

Hinman

Boggess

et al. 1994

Journal of Production Agriculture

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Feed value and performance of ruminants fed small grain straws are improved when these crop residues are chemically treated with anhydrous ammonia. Pelleted beet [Beta vulgaris (L.) subsp. vulgaris] pulp (high‐fiber) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grain (high‐starch) energy supplementation of ammoniated straw diets may have differing effects on dry matter (DM) intake, DM digestibility, and animal performance. Thin cull beef cows (Bos taurus) (n = 96; average weight = 831 lb ± 21; average condition score = 3.8 ± 0.2, scale 1 to 9) were allowed ad libitum access to untreated or ammoniated barley straw with or without energy supplementation for a 60 d feeding period. Cows were blocked by weight and randomly allotted to pens (6 cows/pen, 4 pens/treatment) and one of the following treatments: (i) untreated barley straw (BS), (ii) ammoniated barley straw (AS), (iii) AS and 4.5 lb rolled barley grain (BAR), and (iv) AS and 5.7 lb pelleted beet pulp with molasses (BEET). Energy supplements in BAR and BEET were formulated to provide 6.2 Mcal of ME/cow each day. All cows were fed 4.3 lb of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) hay each day. Cows fed AS had increased (P < 0.05) diet DM intake, diet DM digestibility, digestible DM intake, condition score gain, final rib fat, and final percentage body fat compared with those fed BS. These same variables and diet DM intake and cow average daily gain were also increased (P < 0.05) for cows fed BAR compared to BEET. Barley grain or pelleted beet pulp with molasses for cows fed AS were equally effective in terms of supplemental feed value and resulting animal performance. Barley grain fed at the rate of 4.5 lb/cow each day was not detrimental to diet DM digestibility. The high‐fiber content and/or the additional 1.2 lb DM of beet pulp/cow each day, however, appears to substitute for forage intake since ammoniated straw DM intake was reduced by 2.0 lb/cow each day compared with cows fed barley grain. Research Question The benefits of ammoniating straw are well documented. Incorporation of ammoniated straw into livestock nutritional programs in the USA has met with modest success. Information concerning the compatibility of this alternative feed when fed in conjunction with more common feed‐stuffs is limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of energy supplementation (pelleted beet pulp with molasses vs. barley grain) of ammoniated barley straw on the performance of cull beef cows. Literature Summary Researchers have reported the advantages of ammoniating small grain straws. Increased straw digestibility due to the chemical alteration of the plant fiber component has resulted in greater forage intake and improved animal performance. Studies conducted with other low‐quality forages indicate that high‐fiber energy supplements may be more compatible with ruminal fiber digestion than high‐starch energy supplements. The benefits of high‐fiber energy supplementation of ammoniated straw based diets have not been demonstrated. Study Description Ninety‐six cull beef cows (ave...

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Protein Supplementation of Ammoniated Roughages. II. Wheat Straw Supplemented with Alfalfa, Blood Meal or Soybean Meal Fed to Wintering Steers

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

Protein supplementation of ammoniated wheat straw: effect on performance and forage utilization of beef cattle

Protein supplementation of ammoniated wheat straw: effect on performance and forage utilization of beef cattle

Ammoniation of moldy and nonmoldy prairie hay and its feeding value for sheep

Effects of Energy Supplementation of Ammoniated Barley Straw on Performance of Cull Beef Cows

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