Ammonia volatilization losses from prilled urea, urea supergranules (USG) and coated USG in rice fields

Sudhakara, K.; Prasad, Rajendra

doi:10.1007/bf02374354

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…This suggests that the obviously lower NH 3 volatilization after the second topdress in W23 and Z11 was probably due to larger leaf area of these cultivars. It has been reported that more sunlight intensity could cause larger amount of NH 3 volatilization (Sudhakara and Prasad, 1986;Tian et al, 2001). Therefore, larger leaf area could block more sunlight to paddy water and then lead to less NH 3 volatilization.…”

Section: High-nue Rice Cultivars Reducing N Losses From Paddy Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do high nitrogen use efficiency rice cultivars reduce nitrogen losses from paddy fields?

Chen

Zhao

et al. 2015

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

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A B S T R A C TSeveral high nitrogen use efficiency (high-NUE) rice cultivars have been developed to meet the increased food demand and urgent environmental concerns, but the effect of these cultivars on reducing N losses from paddy fields is not well documented. A two-year field experiment was conducted in the Taihu Lake region of China to evaluate the advantages of high-NUE rice on yields and N losses in 2011 and 2012. Two "high-NUE" rice cultivars and a conventional cultivar were compared at the same fertilizer N input of 200 kg N ha À1 . Ammonia (NH 3 ) volatilization, N 2 O emission, N leaching and runoff losses were monitored during the entire rice growing season within a rice-wheat rotation. The high-NUE rice cultivars Wuyunjing 23 (W23) and Zhendao 11 (Z11) achieved higher grain yields, and took up more N with a higher NUE than the conventional cultivar Wuyujing 3 (W3). There was a trend toward smaller N losses with the high-NUE cultivars W23 and Z11 (N leaching, N 2 O emissions and NH 3 volatilization decreased by 12-23%, 5-10% and 2-8%, respectively), but the total reductions for the growing season compared to W3 were not statistically significant. Even though the high-NUE cultivars did not significantly decrease the absolute losses of N from the field, they did show lower N losses expressed on a yield-scaled basis than the conventional cultivar due to higher grain yields. Cultivars W23 and Z11 produced 21-27% less NH 3 volatilization, 23-26% less N 2 O emission, 23-33% less N leaching, and 13-24% less N in runoff per ton of rice grain harvested than those of W3. Another cultivar Aoyusi 386 (A386), known to have a higher N uptake at early growth stages than W23 and Z11 was also planted in 2012. This cultivar significantly reduced N losses compared with the conventional variety. It was concluded that improving N uptake rate of high-NUE cultivars in the early stages of growth would be most effective in decreasing N losses and that the main part of N fertilizer applications should be later in the growing season than is currently practiced in the region.

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Section: High-nue Rice Cultivars Reducing N Losses From Paddy Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do high nitrogen use efficiency rice cultivars reduce nitrogen losses from paddy fields?

Chen

Zhao

et al. 2015

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Another method to improve the NUE is the use of urea super granules (USG), invented by the International Fertilizer Development Center . Several studies have shown that the use of USGs can not only reduce the ammonia volatilization losses but also reduce the usage of fertilizer in the fields compared to the traditional fertilizer. , However, USG without coating must be placed deeply to avoid the burn of seeds or plant roots and ammonia volatilization by fast dissolving in paddy soil. The deep placement method of the USG is labor-intensive and time-consuming, which has limited it use in large-scale agricultural production systems .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 Several studies have shown that the use of USGs can not only reduce the ammonia volatilization losses but also reduce the usage of fertilizer in the fields compared to the traditional fertilizer. 10,11 However, USG without coating must be placed deeply to avoid the burn of seeds or plant roots and ammonia volatilization by fast dissolving in paddy soil.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-based Large Tablet Controlled-Release Urea: Synthesis, Characterization, and Controlled-Released Mechanisms

Liu¹,

Shen²,

Yang

et al. 2018

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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To improve nitrogen (N) use efficiency and minimize environmental pollution caused by fertilizer overuse, novel bio-based large tablet controlled-release urea (LTCRU) was prepared using bio-based coating materials to coat large tablet urea (LTU) derived from urea prills (U). Nano fumed silica (NFS) was added to the bio-based coating materials to improve the slow-release properties. The surface area of the LTU and U was measured by three-dimensional scanning. In comparison to U, LTU had a smaller surface area/weight ratio, which can reduce the coating materials. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the addition of NFS in bio-based coating materials reduced the porosity of the coating shells of LTCRUs and, thus, enhanced the N release longevity of the controlled-released fertilizer. Dependent upon the pores on the coating shells of LTCRU, two N release patterns were revealed. Because of the good release characteristics, the novel LTCRU shows great potential to support sustainable agricultural production.

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“…However, after 1, 2 and 3 weeks of incubation total mineral-N in soil was significantly more under field capacity moisture than under submergence. This will be expected due to higher loss of N due to ammonia volatilization (Sudhakara and Prasad, 1986;Simpson et al, 1988;Reddy et al, 1990;Prasad et al, 1999) and denitrification (Mosier and Hutchinson, 1981;John et al, 1989;Eichner, 1990;Aulakh et al, 1992) under submerged conditions. The results of the present study thus show that under aerobic conditions as obtained under field capacity moisture DCD is an effective nitrification inhibitor but it may not be so under submerged conditions.…”

Section: Total Mineral-nmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The evils of over-fertilization with nitrogen include nitrate pollution of groundwater (Muir et al, 1973;Duynisveld et al, 1988;Power and Schepers, 1989;Addiscott et al, 1996;Owens et al, 1992;Spalding and Exner, 1993;Nolan et al, 1997;Powlson, 1997), increased nitrate concentration in vegetables (Brown and Smith, 1966), emission of ammonia to the atmosphere (Sudhakara and Prasad, 1986;Simpson et al, 1988;Reddy et al, 1990;Kirchmann et al, 1998;Prasad et al, 1999) which adds to the acid rain (Whelpdale et al, 1997) and emission of N 2 O to the atmosphere (Freney et al, 1978;Mosier and Hutchinson, 1981;John et al, 1989;Eichner, 1990;Aulakh et al, 1992) which depletes the ozone layer (Grobecker et al, 1975) and contributes to the global warming (Yung et al, 1976;Rhode, 1990). These harmful effects of over-fertilization with nitrogen can be partly mitigated with the use of nitrification inhibitors (Sommer and Mertz, 1974;Rodgers, 1986;Owens, 1987;Owens et al, 1992;Prasad and Power, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Influence of moisture regime on inhibition of nitrification by DCD

Lakshmanan¹,

Prasad²

2004

Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science

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A laboratory study at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi showed that DCD was an efficient nitrification inhibitor under field capacity moisture ( 7 30 kPa) but not so under submerged soil conditions. Nitrification inhibition by DCD was 79.6% after 1 week of incubation and decreased to 59.3% after 3 weeks of incubation under field capacity moisture, while it was only 19.3% after 1 week of incubation and 10.6% and 18.4% after 2 and 3 weeks of incubation under submergence, respectively. DCD can play an important role in reducing N losses from agricultural fields.

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Ammonia volatilization losses from prilled urea, urea supergranules (USG) and coated USG in rice fields

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

Do high nitrogen use efficiency rice cultivars reduce nitrogen losses from paddy fields?

Do high nitrogen use efficiency rice cultivars reduce nitrogen losses from paddy fields?

Bio-based Large Tablet Controlled-Release Urea: Synthesis, Characterization, and Controlled-Released Mechanisms

Influence of moisture regime on inhibition of nitrification by DCD

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