Ammonia sensors based on metal oxide nanostructures

Rout, Chandra Sekhar; Hegde, Manu; Govindaraj, A.; Rao, C. N. R.

doi:10.1088/0957-4484/18/20/205504

Cited by 198 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…45,46 However, heating requires additional electrical circuits, which will increase the complexity of sensor device fabrication. However, in this work, we have observed a nearly complete recovery (more than 90%) in GO-Ar2 and GO-Ar3 sensor device, without any external heating.…”

Section: Ammonia Sensing Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Aryl fluoride functionalized graphene oxides for excellent room temperature ammonia sensitivity/selectivity

et al. 2018

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Herein, we report the covalent functionalization of graphene oxide (GO) through ''click'' reaction and its applications towards ammonia sensing. This inimitable method of covalent functionalization involves linking GO with azide moiety and click coupling of different derivatives of aryl propargyl ether, which enhances the sensitivity towards ammonia. The functionalized GO were characterized using NMR, XRD, SEM, FT-IR, Raman, UV-Vis, TGA and DSC. Compared to pristine GO, the GO functionalized with Ar samples (GO-Ar) exhibit excellent room temperature ammonia sensing properties with good response/ recovery characteristics. It has been observed that 2,3-difluoro and 2,3,4-trifluoro substituted aryl propargyl ether functionalized GO (GO-Ar2 and GO-Ar3) shows superior ammonia sensing with response/recovery of 63%/$90% and 60%/100%, respectively at 20 ppm. The GO-Ar3 exhibits high sensitivity towards ammonia at 20-100 ppm. Computational studies supports the high sensitivity of GOAr towards ammonia due to its high adsorption energy.

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Section: Ammonia Sensing Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Aryl fluoride functionalized graphene oxides for excellent room temperature ammonia sensitivity/selectivity

et al. 2018

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“…Besides these fundamental bands of PPy, further bands are seen in both PPy and PPy/ZnO samples at 1314, 1188, 1050, 924, and 796 cm -1 , which are attributed to C-N stretching vibration, N-H in-plane deformation, C-H out-of-plane deformation, C-H in-plane deformation and C-H out-of-plane bending vibrations, respectively. 32 …”

Section: Structural and Bonding Properties Of The Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic–inorganic hybrid cathodes: facile synthesis of polypyrrole/zinc oxide nanofibers for low turn-on electron field emitters

et al. 2016

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The identification of new materials capable of sustaining a high electron emission current is a key requirement in the development of the next generation of cold cathode devices and technology. Compatibility with large volume material production methods is a further important practical consideration with solution chemistry-based methods providing for route to industrial scale-up. Here we demonstrate a new class of organic-inorganic hybrid material based on polypyrrole and zinc oxide (PPy/ZnO) nanofibers for use as a low-cost large-area cathode material. Solution chemistry based surfactant chemical oxidation polymerisation is used to synthesise the nanofibers and the macroscopic turn-on electric field for emission has been measured to be as low as 1.8 V/μm, with an emission current density of 1 mA/cm 2 possible for an applied electric field of less than 4 V/μm. Specfic surface area measurements reveal a linear increase in the nanofiber surface area with ZnO incorporation, which when coupled with electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the wurtzite ZnO nanoparticles (around 45 nm in size) act as nucleation sites for the growth of PPy nanofibers. Our study demonstrates for the first time how an inorganic nanocrystal acting as a nucleation site allows for the tailored growth of the organic component without diminishing the overall electrical properties and opens the potential of a new type of organic-inorganic hybrid large-area cathode material. The broader impacts and advantages of using hybrid materials, when compared to other composite nanomaterial systems, as large area cathode materials are also discussed.

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“…(II) oxide, ZnO, is conventionally used as a catalyst [1] and initiator in various chemical reactions [2], gas sensor material [3,4], UV absorber and pigment in cosmetics [5] and paints [6,7]. It is widely used in various electronic applications such as material for varistors etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyol mediated nano size zinc oxide and nanocomposites with poly(methyl methacrylate)

Anžlovar¹,

Kogej²,

Orel³

et al. 2011

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. Organophilic nano ZnO particles have been synthesized in various diols (ethylene glycol -EG, 1,2 propane diol -PD, 1,4 butane diol -BD and tetra(ethylene glycol) -TEG) in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid, p-TsOH, as an end capping agent. The addition of p-TsOH reduces the ZnO particle size and increases its crystallite size. With increasing diol main chain length the ZnO particle size increases (EG (32 nm) < PD (33 nm) < BD (72 nm) < TEG (86 nm)). Using the assynthesized and unmodified ZnO nanocomposites with poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA, matrix have been prepared by the in-situ bulk polymerization of methyl methacrylate, MMA. The addition of surface modifiers is avoided which is an advantage for the application since they can influence other properties of the material. ZnO particles, especially those with smaller particle sizes (EG -32 nm, PD -33 nm) showed enhanced effect on the thermal stability of PMMA, ultraviolet, UV, absorption and transparency for visible light. Transparent materials with high UV absorption and with enhanced resistance to sunlight were obtained by optimizing the nanocomposite preparation procedure using ZnO particles of about 30 nm size in concentrations between 0.05 and 0.1 wt%. The reported nanocomposite preparation procedure is compatible with the industrial process of PMMA sheet production.

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Ammonia sensors based on metal oxide nanostructures

Cited by 198 publications

References 34 publications

Aryl fluoride functionalized graphene oxides for excellent room temperature ammonia sensitivity/selectivity

Aryl fluoride functionalized graphene oxides for excellent room temperature ammonia sensitivity/selectivity

Organic–inorganic hybrid cathodes: facile synthesis of polypyrrole/zinc oxide nanofibers for low turn-on electron field emitters

Polyol mediated nano size zinc oxide and nanocomposites with poly(methyl methacrylate)

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