Ammonia leakage from refrigeration plant and the management practice

Gangopadhyay, Rupali; Das, Sudip Kumar

doi:10.1002/prs.10208

Cited by 46 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 1 publication

(1 reference statement)

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“…If SB1 is unsuccessful, then the ammonia transfer needs to be shut down manually. Since ammonia odor can be detected at concentrations as low as 5 ppm, 47 its release could be detected by the crew at an early stage due to its strong odor. This study assumes that the time required for manual shutdown is 120 s.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative risk assessment for ammonia ship‐to‐ship bunkering based on Bayesian network

Fan

Enshaei

Jayasinghe

et al. 2021

Process Safety Progress

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The maritime industry is getting prepared for using ammonia as a fuel to meet the decarbonization goal. However, ammonia is toxic, corrosive, and flammable, which poses specific safety challenges during bunkering compared with conventional fuels.The corrosion can be prevented by selecting suitable materials. However, the impact of toxic gas dispersion and fire has high uncertainties, thus risk assessment should be conducted. Currently, there are insufficient risk assessment guidelines for ammonia bunkering available. Therefore, this paper proposes a Bayesian network (BN) based quantitative risk assessment framework to investigate the potential risks of ammonia in ship-to-ship bunkering considering the toxicity and flammability. The study validates the utility of the proposed framework and demonstrates the BN as an efficient model in performing the probabilities calculations and flexible in conducting causal diagnosis. The results show that toxicity has the greatest impact on the risks of ammonia bunkering compared with flammability. The main innovation of this work is realizing the efficient quantification of risks for ammonia ship-to-ship bunkering by using the BN.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative risk assessment for ammonia ship‐to‐ship bunkering based on Bayesian network

Fan

Enshaei

Jayasinghe

et al. 2021

Process Safety Progress

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“…All the pipelines and valves of the cold storage plant shall be periodically painted or made of stainless steel, to prevent corrosion effect. [2], [5]. [6] According to EPA the prevention of accidental releases requires a holistic approach that integrates technologies, procedures, and management practices.…”

Section: Probable Causes Of the Accidentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accidental Emission of Ammonia from Cold Storage and Ice Factory in Kolkata and its Remedial Action

Bhattercharjee¹

2012

BIJIEMS

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“…Yet, ammonia is a toxic gas and a severe irritant to the respiratory tract. Several international standards related to the level of toxicity (ammonia) for humans have been developed [4]. Generally, short-term exposure over 15 minutes needs to be limited to 25-35 ppm at 300 ppm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of ZnO nanorods-based ammonia gas sensors with a cross-linked configuration

Chen

Hsu

et al. 2015

Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical

105

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Ammonia leakage from refrigeration plant and the management practice

Cited by 46 publications

References 1 publication

Quantitative risk assessment for ammonia ship‐to‐ship bunkering based on Bayesian network

Quantitative risk assessment for ammonia ship‐to‐ship bunkering based on Bayesian network

Accidental Emission of Ammonia from Cold Storage and Ice Factory in Kolkata and its Remedial Action

Characteristics of ZnO nanorods-based ammonia gas sensors with a cross-linked configuration

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