Ammonia determination: Reagent modification and interfering compounds

Beecher, Gary R.; Whitten, Bertwell K.

doi:10.1016/0003-2697(70)90356-8

Cited by 71 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In the WSF, the extracellular proteins were assessed using the Bradford (1976) method with the BioRad protein assay reagent (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) as standard protein. Ammonium-N was determined following the protocols of Beecher and Whitten (1970). Free phenolic water-soluble compounds were extracted according to Box (1983) and Folin-Ciocalteu reagent was used for analysis of total phenolic content, being results expressed as phenol equivalents.…”

Section: Chemical Composition Of the Water Soluble And Solid Fractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exotic litter of the invasive plantLigustrum lucidumalters enzymatic production and lignin degradation by selected saprotrophic fungi

et al. 2018

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Chemical changes in leaf input to forest soils have been reported to affect decay processes. In this work, litter mass loss and decomposition constants (k) during 200 days in solid-state fermentation of the native tree Celtis tala Gill. ex Planch. and the exotic one Ligustrum lucidum Ait. with three common litter saprotrophic basidiomycetes were compared. Alterations in litter quality were characterized by solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy, pH, soluble sugars, ammonium, proteins, and phenol content determination and were associated with extracellular lignocellulolytic enzyme production. Differences in substrate decomposition related to litter type were observed for Leratiomyces ceres, achieving a higher k in the exotic L. lucidum litter, which might be attributed to the induction of manganese peroxidase activity. Substrate preference for alkyl C and more degradation of lignified compounds were found in such substrates. Although no statistical differences in mass loss were observed for the rest of the fungi assayed, we detected changes in several of the parameters evaluated. This suggests that exotic invasions may alter ecosystem functioning by accelerating decomposition processes through an increased fungal ligninolytic activity.

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Section: Chemical Composition Of the Water Soluble And Solid Fractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exotic litter of the invasive plantLigustrum lucidumalters enzymatic production and lignin degradation by selected saprotrophic fungi

et al. 2018

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“…The second 50-mL portion was kept in a plastic bottle, immediately fixed with 10% formalin solution (1 : 9 v/v, ruminal fluid : 10% formalin) (Galyean 1989) and stored at 4 C for later measurement of the ruminal microbial populations. Ruminal fluid was analysed for NH 3 -N by using the hypochlorite-phenol procedure (Beecher and Whitten 1970) and VFA by using HPLC, according to the method of Samuel et al (1997). The total direct counts of bacteria, protozoa (holotrichs and entodiniomorphs) and fungal zoospores were made using the methods of Galyean (1989) based on the use of a haemocytometer (Boeco, Hamburg, Germany).…”

Section: Ruminal Fluid Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of mycotoxin deactivator product supplementation on dairy cows

et al. 2012

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Abstract.A total mixed ration (TMR) containing a blend of feedstuffs naturally contaminated with harmful mycotoxins was fed for 84 days to 24 primiparous and multiparous Holstein-Friesian · local dairy cows in a randomised complete block design. The dietary treatments consisted of a contaminated TMR diet plus various levels of the mycotoxin deactivator product (MDP) (0, 15, 30 or 45 g/head.day). Deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisin B 1 (FB 1 ), zearalenone (ZON) and ochratoxin A (OTA) were found in the TMR at levels up to 720, 701, 541 and 501 mg/kg, whereas aflatoxin B 1 (AfB 1 ) and T-2 toxin (T-2) were found in the TMR at levels of 38 and 270 mg/kg, respectively. Rumen microbial ecology, ruminal volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations, ruminal microorganism populations, feed intake, total tract digestibility, milk yield, milk composition and serum immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations were measured. The results revealed that the ruminal pH, ruminal ammonia nitrogen (NH 3 -N) concentration, total ruminal VFA concentrations and ruminal bacterial counts were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in supplemented than in non-supplemented cows. Ruminal protozoal counts were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in supplemented than in non-supplemented cows. DM intake, and digestibility of crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in supplemented than in non-supplemented cows. Serum IgA concentrations were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in supplemented than in non-supplemented cows. Milk yield and milk protein were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in supplemented than in nonsupplemented cows. On the basis of this experiment, it can be concluded that milk production and feed intake can be increased with the addition of MDP to cow diet in the presence of mycotoxins. These increases were accompanied by decreases in the negative effects of mycotoxins on rumen and immune function.

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“…packed with Carbograph 1 80-120 mesh, AL acid washed +4% Carbowax 20 M (Laboratori Analitici di Ricerca Associati, Rome, Italy). b) NH 3 -N-After filtration of ruminal contents and precipitation with 1 N cloridric acid, NH 3 -N content was evaluated in the supernatant fluid using a colorimetric assay (Beecher and Whitten, 1970). c) Lactate-Filtered ruminal contents were mixed with 8% perchloric acid in a 5:1 ratio and centrifuged at 2000×g for 15 min at 4°C.…”

Section: Ruminal Metabolism and Microbial Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%