Effect of mycotoxin deactivator product supplementation on dairy cows

Abstract

Abstract.A total mixed ration (TMR) containing a blend of feedstuffs naturally contaminated with harmful mycotoxins was fed for 84 days to 24 primiparous and multiparous Holstein-Friesian · local dairy cows in a randomised complete block design. The dietary treatments consisted of a contaminated TMR diet plus various levels of the mycotoxin deactivator product (MDP) (0, 15, 30 or 45 g/head.day). Deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisin B 1 (FB 1 ), zearalenone (ZON) and ochratoxin A (OTA) were found in the TMR at levels up to 720, 701, 541 and 501 mg/kg, whereas aflatoxin B 1 (AfB 1 ) and T-2 toxin (T-2) were found in the TMR at levels of 38 and 270 mg/kg, respectively. Rumen microbial ecology, ruminal volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations, ruminal microorganism populations, feed intake, total tract digestibility, milk yield, milk composition and serum immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations were measured. The results revealed that the ruminal pH, ruminal ammonia nitrogen (NH 3 -N) concentration, total ruminal VFA concentrations and ruminal bacterial counts were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in supplemented than in non-supplemented cows. Ruminal protozoal counts were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in supplemented than in non-supplemented cows. DM intake, and digestibility of crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in supplemented than in non-supplemented cows. Serum IgA concentrations were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in supplemented than in non-supplemented cows. Milk yield and milk protein were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in supplemented than in nonsupplemented cows. On the basis of this experiment, it can be concluded that milk production and feed intake can be increased with the addition of MDP to cow diet in the presence of mycotoxins. These increases were accompanied by decreases in the negative effects of mycotoxins on rumen and immune function.

Aerobic and anaerobicin vitrotesting of feed additives claiming to detoxify deoxynivalenol and zearalenone

“…Moreover, poor in vitro activity does not necessarily implicate in vivo failure. While for instance in vivo data for one tested product (Kiyothong et al 2012) is in agreement with our in vitro data for both toxins, another tested product shows reduction of deleterious effects caused by ZEN only in vivo (Brydl et al 2014). …”

Chemical, physical and technological properties of milk as affected by the mycotoxin load of dairy herds

“…Similar findings were reported for DON + ZEA (Winkler et al, 2014) or AFL (Xiong et al, 2015). Kiyothong et al (2012) did not find significant differences in fat, lactose, and solids-non-fat after supplementation of MSAs to multi-mycotoxin (DON, FB1, ZEA, OTA, AFL, and T-2 toxin) contaminated diet, but they reported a positive influence of MSAs on milk protein concentration (P < 0.05) and also noted that milk fat percentage tended to be higher for MSA-supplemented than for non-supplemented cows. Similarly, Hofstetter and Rodrigues (2009) found no differences in milk fat, lactose, solids-not-fat, and total solids after multi-mycotoxin exposure with similar tendency in milk fat percentage.…”

“…In our study, a strong tendency for differences in milk urea was observed (P = 0.056). There is no comparable study except for that Kiyothong et al (2012), who did not find differences in milk urea in cows fed diets containing DON, FB1, ZEA, OTA, AFL, and T-2 with or without MSA supplement. On the other hand, lower urea values were reported with lower milk yield between breeds in many studies (e.g.…”

“…Winkler et al, 2014;Korosteleva et al, 2007). However, experimental conditions differ from farm conditions where animals may be exposed to a mycotoxin "cocktail" as documented in recent studies describing natural multi-mycotoxin contamination of feedstuffs (Hofstetter and Rodrigues, 2009;Kiyothong et al, 2012;Zachariášová et al, 2014). Studies focused on the impact of multi-mycotoxin load on animal performance are scarce and they are usually limited in duration and focused on the counteracting effect of various types of mycotoxin sequestering agents (MSAs).…”

“…However, results are not consistent. Recently, Hofstetter and Rodrigues (2009) or Kiyothong et al (2012) found significantly lower SCC (P < 0.05) in cows supplemented with MSAs compared with non-supplemented cows and SCC decreased linearly with the increasing level of supplementation. Similarly, Takagi et al (2011) found significant changes in SCC after MSA supplementation.…”