Aminotransferases in Disease

Rej, Robert

doi:10.1016/s0272-2712(18)30598-5

Cited by 114 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 127 publications

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“…ALT is found predominantly in the liver, with clinically negligible quantities occurring in other tissues, while AST is found in the liver, heart (cardiac muscle), skeletal muscle, kidneys, brain, and red blood cells. As a result, ALT is a more specific indicator of liver dysfunction than AST (Rej, 1989), so the results obtained in this study confirmed the harmful action of cadmium on the liver in ducklings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Cadmium-induced changes in hatchability and in the activity of aminotransaminases and selected lysosomal hydrolases in the blood plasma of Muscovy ducklings (Cairina moschata)

Dżugan

Lis

2016

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cadmium on Muscovy ducklings (Cairina moschata) based on hatching results and the activity of enzymes in the blood plasma. On day 6 of incubation, hatching eggs were injected into the egg albumen with 50 µl of saline solution containing Cd ions (CdCl 2 ) at concentrations of 0 (control group), 1.3, 4.0, 7.5, 15.0 and 30 µg/egg, using 50 eggs per group. A gradual decrease in hatchability, from 52% in the control to 4% in the highest Cd dose group, was observed, with the LD 50 calculated as 8 μg/egg. However, the impact of cadmium on the incidence of malformations of duck embryos has not been proven. Compared to the control group, N-acetyl-β-Dglucosaminidase activity increased by 30-50% (P ≤ 0.05) in the blood serum of ducklings in the groups receiving more than 7.5 µg Cd/egg, whereas an elevated activity of arylsulphatase (by 45%) was observed for a lower dose only (4 µg Cd/egg). A gradual increase in the activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases was observed (P ≤ 0.05), starting from the lowest exposure of 1.3 µg Cd/egg, by 155% and 53%, respectively. In conclusion, the results prove the dosedependent toxic impact of cadmium on embryogenesis and on the studied blood plasma enzyme activities of ducklings.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Cadmium-induced changes in hatchability and in the activity of aminotransaminases and selected lysosomal hydrolases in the blood plasma of Muscovy ducklings (Cairina moschata)

Dżugan

Lis

2016

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica

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“…In the liver, ALT is localized solely in the cellular cytoplasm, whereas AST is both cytosolic (20% of total activity) and mitochondrial (80% of total activity). 22 Zone 3 of the hepatic acinus has a higher concentration of AST, and damage to this zone, whether ischemic or toxic, may result in greater alteration to AST levels. Aminotransferase clearance is carried out within the liver by sinusoidal cells.…”

Section: Hepatocellular Predominancementioning

confidence: 99%

Liver enzyme alteration: a guide for clinicians

Giannini

Testa

Savarino

2005

Canadian Medical Association Journal

1,541

1,038

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ISOLATED ALTERATIONS OF BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS OF LIVER DAMAGE in a seemingly healthy patient can present a challenge for the clinician. In this review we provide a guide to interpreting alterations to liver enzyme levels. The functional anatomy of the liver and pathophysiology of liver enzyme alteration are briefly reviewed. Using a schematic approach that classifies enzyme alterations as predominantly hepatocellular or predominantly cholestatic, we review abnormal enzymatic activity within the 2 subgroups, the most common causes of enzyme alteration and suggested initial investigations.

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“…In most types of liver disease, serum ALT exhibits greater enzymatic activity than serum aspartate aminotransferase (3 ), and its activity has been considered one of the more sensitive markers of hepatocellular injury and liver disease progression (4 ). The development of an accurate diagnostic method is critical for early detection and proper treatment of liver disease, because patients are often asymptomatic until their livers have deteriorated severely (5 ). In clinical laboratories, serum ALT activity is commonly measured by a spectrophotometric assay in which the transamination reaction is coupled to a second reaction that reduces pyruvate to lactate via lactate dehydrogenase and NADH.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abundance of Immunologically Active Alanine Aminotransferase in Sera of Liver Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients

Kim

et al. 2009

Clinical Chemistry

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Background: Although alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is a widely used indicator of liver function, ALT enzymatic activity may not always reflect the degree of liver damage. Improved methods or approaches would be useful. Methods: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to ALT were generated to develop a sandwich enzyme immunoassay system. We used an immunoassay to measure ALT mass concentration and a common biochemical analyzer to assay ALT enzymatic activity in serum samples from patients with liver diseases and healthy individuals. The results from the 2 methods were compared and analyzed by ROC curve analysis. Results: The ALT sandwich enzyme immunoassay system demonstrated reliable performance in linearity, recovery, and imprecision studies. The ALT activity assay exhibited a higher diagnostic accuracy in acute hepatitis (AH) patients, but the ALT immunoassay exhibited higher sensitivity and specificity in patients with chronic liver diseases. The areas under the ROC curve for ALT mass and enzymatic activity were 0.82 and 0.98, respectively, in AH, 0.99 and 0.52 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and 0.94 and 0.45 in liver cirrhosis (LC). Serum samples from HCC and LC patients had higher amounts of ALT–immunoglobulin complexes [median A450, 1.7 (interquartile range, 1.4–1.9)] than the other groups [1.3 (interquartile range, 0.9–1.6)]. Conclusions: Our analysis of sera from the HCC and LC patient groups revealed considerable amounts of immunologically active but catalytically inactive ALT. The amount of the ALT–immunoglobulin complex increased with the severity of the liver disease. The 2-site immunoassay method may be useful in the differential diagnosis of some causes of liver disease.

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Aminotransferases in Disease

Cited by 114 publications

References 127 publications

Cadmium-induced changes in hatchability and in the activity of aminotransaminases and selected lysosomal hydrolases in the blood plasma of Muscovy ducklings (Cairina moschata)

Cadmium-induced changes in hatchability and in the activity of aminotransaminases and selected lysosomal hydrolases in the blood plasma of Muscovy ducklings (Cairina moschata)

Liver enzyme alteration: a guide for clinicians

Abundance of Immunologically Active Alanine Aminotransferase in Sera of Liver Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients

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