Aminolevulinic acid and nitric oxide regulate oxidative defense and secondary metabolisms in canola (Brassica napus L.) under drought stress

Abstract

To minimize the damaging effects of stresses, plant growth regulators (PGRs) are widely used to sustain the plant life under stress-prone environments. So, a study was carried out to evaluate the response of two canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars, Dunkeld and Cyclone, to foliar-applied two potential PGRs, nitric oxide (NO) and 5-aminolevulinic acid, under water deficit conditions. In this study, the levels of NO and ALA used were 0.02 and 0.895 mM, respectively. Plants of both canola cultivars were subjected to control (100% field capacity) and water deficit (60% field capacity). Drought stress significantly decreased growth, chlorophyll pigments, relative water contents (RWC), and soluble proteins, while it increased relative membrane permeability (RMP), proline, glycinebetaine (GB), malondialdehyde (MDA), total phenolics, and activities of catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) enzymes in both cultivars. Foliar application of PGRs improved growth, chlorophyll a, GB, total phenolics, CAT activity, and total soluble proteins, while it decreased RMP, MDA, and POD activity in both canola cultivars. Other physio-biochemical attributes such as chlorophyll b, RWC, hydrogen peroxide (HO) and proline contents as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity remained unaffected due to application of PGRs. So, the results of the present study suggest that exogenous application of NO and ALA could be useful to enhance the drought tolerance of canola plants by up-regulating the oxidative defense system, osmoprotectant accumulation, and minimizing the lipid peroxidation.

Physiological responses of spring wheat to 5-aminolevulinic acid under water stress applied at seedling stage

“…It also affects the activity of antioxidant enzymes (Balestrasse et al 2010;Naeem et al 2011;Liu et al 2016), water relations (Korkmaz et al 2010), gas exchange (Akram et al 2018), and chlorophyll content (Xu et al 2010).…”

“…Other reports demonstrated protective activity of 5-ALA towards cytoplasmic membranes of pakchoi (Memon et al 2009), rape (Naeem et al 2011) and cauliflower (Ahmad et al 2017). The protection offered by 5-ALA probably consists in the limitation of lipid peroxidation (Ahmad et al 2017;Akram et al 2018). Ali et al (2013) showed that 5-ALA significantly improved the structure of leaf mesophyll cells grown in the presence of cadmium.…”

The iTRAQ-based chloroplast proteomic analysis of Triticum aestivum L. leaves subjected to drought stress and 5-aminolevulinic acid alleviation reveals several proteins involved in the protection of photosynthesis

“…Under drought stress, the exogenous application of ALA has been proven to alleviate the damage, which was shown in reports on Kentucky bluegrass [18], alfalfa (Medicago varia Martyn.) [19], Leymus chinensis [20], canola (Brassica napus L.) [21], and wheat [22,23]. For wheat, the use of ALA is more attractive because this substance was reported to promote growth and alleviate the yield loss caused by dry conditions [24].…”

PP2A and microtubules function in 5‐aminolevulinic acid‐mediated H2O2 signaling in Arabidopsis guard cells

“…5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a key precursor in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis in all organisms, such as chlorophyll and heme in plants. It has been recognized as a vital plant growth regulator due to its various roles in several key physiological processes such as promoting plant growth and conferring abiotic stress tolerance in plants (Liu et al , Xu et al , Niu et al , Sun et al , Akram et al , Liu et al , Wu et al ). Increasing attention has been paid to ALA because of its environmental‐friendly characteristic and great application potential in agriculture (Wang et al , Akram and Ashraf ) and horticulture (Feng et al , An et al , Zheng et al , An et al , Zheng et al ).…”

“…Introduction 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a key precursor in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis in all organisms, such as chlorophyll and heme in plants. It has been recognized as a vital plant growth regulator due to its various roles in several key physiological processes such as promoting plant growth and conferring abiotic stress tolerance in plants , Niu et al 2017, Sun et al 2017, Akram et al 2018, Liu et al 2018, Wu et al 2018. Increasing attention has been paid to ALA because of its environmental-friendly Abbreviations -ABA, abscisic acid; ALA, 5-aminolevulinic acid; AsA, ascorbic acid; BR, brassinosteroid; CalA, calyculin A; CAT, catalase; DPI, diphenylene iodonium; GFP-TUA6, green fluorescent protein-tagged -tubulin 6 transgenic Arabidopsis; H 2 O 2 , hydrogen peroxide; MeJA, methyl jasmonate; MS, Murashige and Skoog; MTs, microtubules; OA, okadaic acid; OE, overexpression; PP2A, type 2A protein phosphatase; PP2A-C2, C2 subunit of type 2A protein phosphatase; PP2A-C2-OE, PP2A-C2 overexpression; PPFD, photosynthetic photo flux density; ROS, reactive oxygen species; VBT, vinblastine. characteristic and great application potential in agriculture (Wang et al 2003, Akram andAshraf 2013) and horticulture (Feng et al 2016, An et al 2016b, Zheng et al 2017, Zheng et al 2018.…”