The iTRAQ-based chloroplast proteomic analysis of Triticum aestivum L. leaves subjected to drought stress and 5-aminolevulinic acid alleviation reveals several proteins involved in the protection of photosynthesis

Abstract

Backgrounds: The perturbance of chloroplast proteins is a major cause of photosynthesis inhibition under drought stress. The exogenous application of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) mitigates the damage caused by drought stress, protecting plant growth and development, but the regulatory mechanism behind this process remains obscure.Results: Wheat seedlings were drought treated, and the iTRAQ-based proteomic approach was employed to assess the difference in chloroplast protein content caused by exogenous ALA. A total of 9499 peptides, which could be classified into 2442 protein groups, were identified with ≤0.01 FDR. Moreover, the contents of 87 chloroplast proteins was changed by drought stress alone compared to that of the drought-free control, while the contents of 469 was changed by exogenous ALA application under drought stress compared to that of drought stress alone. The Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis results suggested that the ALA pretreatment adjusted some biological pathways, such as metabolic pathways and pathways involved in photosynthesis and ribosomes, to enhance the drought resistance of chloroplasts. Furthermore, the drought-promoted H 2 O 2 accumulation and O 2 − production in chloroplasts were alleviated by the exogenous pretreatment of ALA, while peroxidase (POD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities were upregulated, which agreed with the chloroplast proteomic data. We suggested that ALA promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging in chloroplasts by regulating enzymatic processes. Conclusions:Our results from chloroplast proteomics extend the understanding of the mechanisms employed by exogenous ALA to defend against drought stress in wheat.

Foliar application of 5-aminolevulinic acid alleviated high temperature and drought stresses on wheat plants at seedling stage

“…These compounds may improve the plants' capability to make osmotic adjustments, strengthen antioxidant enzyme defense mechanism, upregulate the biosynthesis of chlorophyll, improve radiation use efficiency, and ultimately enhance growth and biomass accumulation (Lv et al, 2020). It is reported that 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) successfully regulates the antioxidant enzyme activities and thereby increases the resistance of plants to different stresses, including chromium toxicity in sunflower, low temperature and weak light in cucumber seedling, osmotic stress in strawberry and drought stress in wheat (Anwar et al, 2020;Cai et al, 2020;Farid et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2020). The application of 5-ALA enhanced the resistance of wheat plants to drought and increased grain yield by improving growth, chlorophyll a and b, glycine betaine, root, leaf and root N contents in wheat at different water regimes (Kosar et al, 2015).…”

Approachs and Application Methods in Plant Proteomics Research

“…Omik yaklaşımlarını bir bütün olarak düşünerek yaklaşmak gerekliliği sistem biyolojisini doğurmuştur. Böylece genomik transkriptomik, proteomik, metalomik bulgularının çeşitli biyoinformatik araçlar vasıtası ile işlenmesine neden olmuştur [47]. Bu biyoinformatik araçlar moleküllerin hücre altı lokalizasyonlarının (WoLF PSORT: https://wolfpsort.hgc.jp) anlaşılması, salgı proteinlerinin olup olmadıklarının belirlenmesi (Secretome P: http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/SecretomeP), protein-protein etkileşimlerinin belirlenmesi (String: https://stringdb.org) gibi informatik programlardır.…”

Dehydration‐responsive chickpea chloroplast protein, CaPDZ1, confers dehydration tolerance by improving photosynthesis

“…Incidentally, plants have evolved a number of defence mechanisms involving multi‐organellar, multi‐tissue and multi‐organ modulations to tolerate such adverse conditions. In recent years, a growing number of dehydration‐responsive genes have been detected using either high throughput transcriptome (Upadhyay et al, 2017; Wan et al, 2021) or organellar proteomic analyses (Kosová et al, 2018; Lande et al, 2020; Wang et al, 2020). Organellar proteomics is the most effective way to obtain a holistic view of the signalling cascades at the subcellular level, as they directly control nearly all signalling pathways that are vulnerable to changes in the environment.…”