Aminoácidos de cadeia ramificada: consumo dietético e associação com fatores de risco cardiometabólicos em residentes de São Paulo

Abstract

Pallottini AC. Branched chain amino acid: dietary intake and its association with cardiometabolic risk in residents of São Paulo [thesis]. Sao Paulo: School of Public Health, USP; 2017. Introduction: Branched chain amino acids (BCAA) comprise three essential amino acids such as leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile) and valine (Val). These amino acids play an important role in the human body, such as energy production, protein synthesis and many neurotransmitters. There are few studies that investigate BCAA consumption and its association with cardiometabolic diseases. However, metabolic studies suggest that BCAA found in plasma may be a predictor of cardiometabolic diseases. Objectives: To evaluate the intake of branched chain amino acids (BCAA), leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile) and valine (Val) with demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors, and to investigate the intake of BCAA with cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods: Data were obtained from the Health Survey of São Paulo, a population-based cross-sectional study with a representative sample of residents of the city of São Paulo, of both sexes and aged over 12 years. Dietary intake was evaluated by two 24-hour dietary recalls and a structured questionnaire was used to obtain socioeconomic, demographic and lifestyle information. Blood samples were collected and blood pressure, weight, height and waist circumference were measured. The analyzed analytes were fasting plasma glucose, triacylglycerols (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), C-reactive protein (PCRu), homocysteine and serum leptin (LEP). All analyses were performed with Stata®, version 13 and a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Total BCAA intake was 217.14 mg/kg.day (Leu: 97.16 mg/kg.day; Ile:56.44 mg/kg.day; Val: 63.54 mg/kg.day). BCAA intake was negatively associated with female sex in adolescents and adult groups, with no white race in adolescents, and with former smoker status in adults. Conversely, BCAA was positively associated with household per capita income in adolescents and adults. No associations were observed in the older adults group. Main food contributors to BCAA for all ages were unprocessed red meat, unprocessed poultry, bread and toast, beans and rice.