Amino Acids and Proteins

Wilson, Robert P.

doi:10.1016/b978-012319652-1/50004-5

Cited by 471 publications

(589 citation statements)

References 141 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

497

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…After ingestion, proteins are broken down by digestive enzymes into 20 individual amino acids that are subsequently absorbed into the gastrointestinal tract. Amino acids are used in the synthesis and repair of tissues and are important in enzyme production (Wilson, 2002).…”

Section: Dietary Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may result in a diminished number of amino acids available for growth and energy uses, even if the overall protein content of the diet is satisfactory (Steffens, 1989). Furthermore, an inadequate supply of protein results in the catabolism of less vital tissues to maintain the function of more crucial tissues, resulting in reduced growth rate and even weight loss (Wilson, 2002). Finally, a diet must contain proteins that are highly digestible in order minimize nitrogen excretion.…”

Section: Dietary Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The effects of diet composition and ration on biotransformation enzymes and stress parameters in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Morrow

Higgs

Kennedy

2004

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology &

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Degree:Master of ~nvironmentai ToxicologyTitle of Project:The effects of diet composition and ration on biotransformation enzymes and stress parameters in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. PARTIAL COPYRIGHT LICENCEI hereby grant to Simon Fraser University the right to lend my thesis, project or extended essay (the title of which is shown below) to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. I further agree that permission for multiple copying of this work for scholarly purposes may be granted by me or the Dean of Graduate Studies. It is understood that copying or publication of this work for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Title of ThesislProjecff Extended EssayThe effects of diet composition and ration on biotransforrnation enzymres and stress parameters in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss.Michelle Dayna Morrow (name) ABSTRACTNutritional quality and quantity play significant roles in the amount of energy an animal assimilates and in the distribution of that energy. Furthermore, energy is allocated in a hierarchical fashion beginning with basal metabolism and then successively to other physiological processes depending on other energetic requirements of the animal. To date, little information exists on the effects of diet and ration on the stress response and detoxification system in fish. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to measure the effects of dietary composition and ration on the biotransformation and stress response systems in juvenile rainbow trout.Juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were fed one of three isoenergetic diets varying in protein (35 to 55%) and lipid content (8 to 18%), at full satiation or partial ration for 6 weeks in order to investigate the effects of diet on baseline stress parameters and biotransformation enzyme activity. Growth was highest in fish fed low protein, high lipid diets at both ration levels and was highest overall in fish fed to satiation. Stress indicators, including plasma lactate, glucose and cortisol concentrations were not significantly affected by dietary treatment or ration. Basal biotransformation enzyme activity, including glutathione S-transferase (GST) and ethoxyresorufin 0-deethylase (EROD) activity, were also unaffected by dietary treatment. Fish exposed to the biotransformation enzyme inducer 13-napthoflavone did not exhibit an alteration in stress indicators or GST activity; however, EROD activity was increased (87 to 210-fold) in fish receiving all diets and rations demonstrating the importance of this system even under limited energy intake.The results of the present study indicate that, unlike mammals, fish may be more recalcitrant to different levels of ingestion (above maintenance ration) of isoenergetic ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

show abstract

Section: Dietary Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dietary Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of diet composition and ration on biotransformation enzymes and stress parameters in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Morrow

Higgs

Kennedy

2004

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology &

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…According to reports by NRC (1993), for maximum growth the majority of fish species on commercial farms in the world require diets with protein level that vary between 31 and 56%. Most of these values were estimated from dose-response curves, yielding the minimum amount of dietary protein which resulted in maximum growth (WILSON, 2002). Information also shows that such protein needs decrease as fish weight increases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Information also shows that such protein needs decrease as fish weight increases. Protein ingested by fish is used in maintenance and growth, but when they are overfed only one part of this protein is effectively used for synthesis of new proteins and the remaining is metabolized to produce energy (WILSON, 2002), with an unavoidable increase of nitrogen excretion to the aquatic system (OISHI et al, 2010;WEBB & GATLIN III, 2003). Consequently, when fish are fed with optimal dietary protein levels they retain a proportionally higher amount of protein in the body (growth), decreasing production costs and pollution (THOMAN et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimum dietary crude protein requirement for juvenile cachama Piaractus brachypomus

Vásquez-Torres

Pereira-Filho²,

Arias-Castellanos

2011

Cienc. Rural

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Protein, used for promoting tissue growth and meeting energetic demands, is the most expensive diet component (Wilson, 2002). Efforts have been made towards reducing dietary protein content, especially animal protein, due to economic and environmental reasons (Tacon & Metian, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and hematology of pacu subjected to sustained swimming and fed different protein levels

Nunes

Moraes

Fabrizzi

et al. 2013

Pesq. agropec. bras.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of sustained swimming and dietary protein levels on growth and hematological responses of juvenile pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). A completely randomized design was used in a 3x2 factorial arrangement, with three levels of dietary protein (24, 28, and 32% crude protein), two rearing conditions (sustained swimming or motionless water), and 15 replicates. Fish were subjected to sustained swimming at the velocity of two body lengths per second (2 BL s -1 ), for 45 days. The level of dietary protein and the swimming conditions affected the performance, growth, and hematological profile of pacu. Swimming conditions influenced nutritional factors, increasing daily weight gain, specific growth rate, number of erythrocytes, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin. Fish under sustained swimming and fed with 24% crude protein showed better growth performance, with higher specific growth rate (4.11±0.88) and higher daily weight gain (2.19±0.47 g per day). Sustained swimming can increase the productive performance of pacu and simultaneously reduce dietary protein levels.Index terms: Piaractus mesopotamicus, erythropoiesis, exercise, growth rate, weight gain. Crescimento e hematologia de pacu submetido a natação sustentada e alimentado com diferentes níveis proteicosResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da natação sustentada e de níveis de proteína na dieta sobre o crescimento e a resposta hematológica de juvenis de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em arranjo fatorial 3x2, com três níveis de proteína na dieta (24, 28 e 32% de proteína bruta), duas condições de criação (natação sustentada ou água imóvel) e 15 repetições. Os peixes foram submetidos à natação sustentada na velocidade de duas vezes o comprimento corporal por segundo (2 CC s -1 ), por 45 dias. O nível de proteína da dieta e as condições de nado afetaram o desempenho, o crescimento e o perfil hematológico do pacu. As condições de nado influenciaram os fatores nutricionais, com aumento de ganho de peso diário, taxa de crescimento específico, número de eritrócitos, volume corpuscular médio e hemoglobina corpuscular média. Peixes sob natação sustentada e alimentados com 24% de proteína bruta apresentaram melhor desempenho de crescimento, com maior taxa de crescimento específico (4,11±0,88) e maior ganho em peso diário (2,19±0,47 g por dia). A natação sustentada pode aumentar o desempenho produtivo de pacus e ao mesmo tempo reduzir os níveis de proteína na dieta.Termos para indexação: Piaractus mesopotamicus, eritropoiese, exercício, taxa de crescimento, ganho em peso.

show abstract

Amino Acids and Proteins

Cited by 471 publications

References 141 publications

The effects of diet composition and ration on biotransformation enzymes and stress parameters in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

The effects of diet composition and ration on biotransformation enzymes and stress parameters in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Optimum dietary crude protein requirement for juvenile cachama Piaractus brachypomus

Growth and hematology of pacu subjected to sustained swimming and fed different protein levels

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About