Amino acid synthetic media for fungal pathogens based on aminopeptidase specificities:<i>Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermititidis, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Cryptococcus neoformans.</i>

Lee, K.L.; Reca, Maria E.; Campbell, Charlotte C.

doi:10.1080/00362177585190261

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The haploid strains W303 and its rad52 derivative (LSY1029-13B), both ADE2 RAD5, were kindly provided by Lorraine Symington, from Columbia University. To inspect for hyphal growth stationary phase cultures were inoculated on agar plates with SPIDER medium, M199 medium, pH 7,9 (Gifco BRL, Life technologies), or Leé s medium (Lee et al, 1975;Liu et al, 1994), prepared as described before (Andaluz et al, 2006). Colonies were visualized with the naked eye and then microscopically inspected.…”

Section: Strains and Culture Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic interactions among homologous recombination mutants in Candida albicans

Bellido¹,

Andaluz²,

Gómez-Raja³

et al. 2015

Fungal Genetics and Biology

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Section: Strains and Culture Mediamentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic interactions among homologous recombination mutants in Candida albicans

Bellido¹,

Andaluz²,

Gómez-Raja³

et al. 2015

Fungal Genetics and Biology

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“…These parasites survive best where the combination of their own and host aminopeptidases produces an adequate supply of necessary amino acids. Lee et al (9,10) clearly related the substrate specificities of Candida albicans, Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, and Cryptococcus neoformans to their amino acid growth requirements. Aminopeptidase profiles identified the N-terminal amino acids most rapidly liberated by these organisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aminopeptidase Profiles of Four Species of Phytophthora

Huber

Fortes

Pecknold

et al. 1982

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Phytophthora palmivora, P. cinnamomi, P. drechsleri, and P. cactorum were readily separated on the basis of the aminopeptidase substrate specificities of their mycelial suspensions. Variability among isolates of the same species was not significant with most substrates and isolates tested, regardless of source. Both qualitative and quantitative differences in enzyme activity were useful for species identification. Differentiation of these four species was possible with comparative reactions of L-alanyl-, L-arginyl-, L-benzoylarginyl, L-gamma-glutamyl-, L-glycyl-, L-hydroxyprolyl-, L-leucyl-, L-lysyl-, 4-methoxyleucyl-, L-prolyl-, and 4-methoxyalanyl-beta-naphthylamides. Variation in peptidase activity was usually detectable after 4 h of incubation, with increased activity sometimes manifest after 24 h of incubation. P. palmivora exhibited the lowest, and P. drechsleri exhibited the highest, overall peptidase activity. This fluorescent aminopeptidase profile procedure provides a relatively rapid method to supplement other taxonomic criteria for identification of these species of Phytophthora.

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“…A loopful of cells from the culture plate of each strain was transferred to a chemically defined synthetic liquid medium (9,10), and the cells were allowed to grow overnight at 25°C for C. albicans and at 37°C for all other yeasts on a gyratory shaker at 200 rpm. An aliquot of these cultures was then added to fresh liquid medium, and the cultures were allowed to grow under the conditions described above.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergism between the antifungal agents amphotericin B and alkyl glycerol ethers

Haynes

Buckley

Higgins

et al. 1994

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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The alkyl glycerol ether rac-1-O-dodecylglycerol inhibited the growth of members of two genera of yeasts, Candida and Cryptococcus, and was strongly synergistic with amphotericin B. At one-half its MIC, dodecylglycerol decreased the MIC of amphotericin B by as much as 80-fold. This high degree of synergism between dodecylglycerol and amphotericin B was demonstrated against a number of species ofyeasts including Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Cryptococcus neoformans, Cryptococcus albidus, and Cryptococcus laurentii. All fractional inhibitory concentrations (for all strains and species) were calculated to be less than 1, and most were less than 0.6, again demonstrating strong synergism. Other alkyl glycerol ethers with alkyl chain lengths ranging from 8 to 18 carbon atoms were also found to be synergistic with amphotericin B against C. neoformans and C. albicans. Electron microscopy experiments showed that C. neoformans grown in the presence of dodecylglycerol had severely abnormal, deformed capsules. Although the mechanism of action of dodecylglycerol is not known, dodecylglycerol was not simply acting as a detergent. The natural detergent sodium deoxycholate could not substitute for dodecylglycerol. At comparable and higher concentrations, sodium deoxycholate had no fungicidal effect on its own, nor did it potentiate the activity of amphotericin B.Dodecylglycerol did not interact synergistically with the water-soluble antifungal agent fluconazole. The lipid-soluble hydrophobic properties of amphotericin B appear to be important for this synergistic elfect, in that alkyl glycerol ethers could promote synergism with amphotericin B by potentially increasing the interaction between membrane-bound ergosterol and amphotericin B.The human immunodeficiency virus epidemic has brought about a dramatic increase in the incidence of opportunistic infections, many of which are caused by fungi. There are relatively few effective antifungal agents that can be used to treat these opportunistic infections, largely because of either the toxicity of the agent or the development of resistance by the infecting organism (2). One of the most common antifungal agents used to treat life-threatening fungal infections is amphotericin B (AmB), a polyene antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces nodosus (2). The primary target of AmB is ergosterol, the main sterol in fungal cell membranes (2). AmB binds to ergosterol, increasing cell membrane permeability, permitting leakage of intracellular constituents, and ultimately, producing cell lysis and death (11). Although the major affinity of AmB is for ergosterol, the drug also has an affinity for cholesterol, the sterol found at the highest concentrations in the membranes of mammalian cells (2). Because of this affinity, AmB can be toxic to cholesterol-containing cells and, in many cases, cannot be given in sufficiently high doses to kill all of the fungi. AIDS patients who survive the fungal infection must receive lifelong preventive therapy such as intravenous treatme...

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Amino acid synthetic media for fungal pathogens based on aminopeptidase specificities:Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermititidis, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Cryptococcus neoformans.

Cited by 19 publications

References 10 publications

Genetic interactions among homologous recombination mutants in Candida albicans

Genetic interactions among homologous recombination mutants in Candida albicans

Aminopeptidase Profiles of Four Species of Phytophthora

Synergism between the antifungal agents amphotericin B and alkyl glycerol ethers

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