Amino acid metabolism and protein turnover in larval turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus ) fed natural zooplankton or Artemia

Conceição, L. E. C.; Meeren, Terje van der; Verreth, J.A.J.; Evjen, M. S.; Houlihan, D.F.; Fyhn, Hans Jørgen

doi:10.1007/s002270050166

Cited by 130 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…In the present study, the specific radioactivity of Phe in the body free amino acid pool was elevated within 1h of bathing and remained elevated and stable during the 8-h time course (Fig.1A). Rapid elevation and stability of the specific radioactivity of Phe in the free amino acid pool within 1 to 2h of bathing has been observed in most studies of protein synthesis of larval fishes Houlihan et al, 1995d;Smith and Ottema, 2006;McCarthy and Fuiman, 2008) (this study) although in some rapidly growing fish larvae this has not been achieved (Conceição et al, 1997a;Conceição et al, 1997b). In the present study, the free Phe concentration in the red drum larvae was elevated sevenfold over the baseline level recorded in control larvae.…”

Section: Validation Of Flooding-dose Methodssupporting

confidence: 53%

Post-prandial changes in protein synthesis in red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) larvae

McCarthy

Fuiman

2011

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYProtein synthesis is one of the major energy-consuming processes in all living organisms. Post-prandial changes in protein synthesis have been studied in a range of animal taxa but have been little studied in fish larvae. Using the flooding-dose method, we measured post-prandial changes in whole-body rates of protein synthesis in regularly fed red drum Sciaenops ocellatus (Linnaeus) larvae for 24-28h following their daily meal. Fractional rates of protein synthesis increased from a baseline (prefeeding) rate of 16%day -1 to a post-prandial peak of 48%day -1 ca. 8h after feeding before declining to 12%day -1 after 24-28h. The overall mean daily rate of protein synthesis was calculated as 27%day -1 . Although suggested as energetically impossible in larval poikilotherms, our results show that rates in excess of 30%day -1 can be attained by larval fishes for a few hours but are not sustained. The average daily energetic cost of protein synthesis was estimated as 34% of daily total oxygen consumption, ranging from 19% immediately before feeding to 61% during the post-prandial peak in protein synthesis. This suggests that during the post-prandial peak, protein synthesis will require a large proportion of the hourly energy production, which, given the limited metabolic scope in fish larvae, may limit the energy that could otherwise be allocated to other energy-costly functions, such as foraging and escape responses.

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Section: Validation Of Flooding-dose Methodssupporting

confidence: 53%

Post-prandial changes in protein synthesis in red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) larvae

McCarthy

Fuiman

2011

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Starvation associated amino acid restriction can enhance proteolysis in larval fish and may affect cellular protein homeostasis, which translates into poor growth or survival (Conceiçáo et al 1997). Hsp70 is essential for protein synthesis, translocation, and protein folding and unfolding (Kiang and Tsokos 1998) and, thus, is critical during periods of rapid protein turnover.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Starvation reduces the heat shock protein responses in white sturgeon larvae

et al. 2011

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This study investigates the responses of white sturgeon larvae (Acipenser transmontanus) to starvation and thermal stress, through the measurement of nutritional status (i.e. growth performances) and cellular biomarkers: heat shock proteins (Hsp) 70 and 90. White sturgeon larvae (25 day post hatch; initial weight 179.0±5.1 mg) were fed (20% body weight per day) or starved for 24, 48 or 72 hrs. Every 24 hrs, five larvae from each of the starved or fed treatment replicates were exposed to heat shock resulting from an increase in water temperature from 19°C to 26°C, at a rate of 1°C per 15 min, and maintained at 26°C for 4 hrs. No mortality was observed in this study. Starvation significantly (p<0.05) decreased the body weight and body contents of energy, protein, and lipid of the experimental larvae, compared to the fed larvae. Heat shock induced the expressions of Hsp70 and Hsp90 in both the fed and starved group; however, starvation reduced the induction at all sampling points. The current study demonstrates that poor larval nutritional status, assessed by the aforementioned parameters, reduced heat shock responses to thermal stress, as measured by heat shock protein levels. Furthermore, Hsp70 and 90 are more sensitive to heat shock and starvation, respectively. This may be, in part, a result of the different functioning of the heat shock proteins in cellular stress response and warrants further study.

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“…Free amino acids (FAA) are produced by hydrolysis of yolk protein (Thorsen et al, 1996) and act as osmotic regulators and energy substrates for development as well as building-blocks for protein synthesis (Rønnestad and Fyhn, 1993;Finn, 1994;Finn et al, 1996). The FAA pool is consumed progressively after fertilization in most fi sh, and the precise sequence of use varies depending on the species (Finn et al, 1996;Conceição et al, 1997Conceição et al, , 1998Tulli and Tibaldi, 1997;Weltzien et al, 1999;Krautz et al, 2010;Dayal et al, 2003;Skjaerven et al, 2003). The protein amino acid (PAA) profi le also follows species-specifi c changes during larval development (Aragão et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Ontogenetic changes in digestive enzyme activities and the amino acid profile of starry flounder Platichthys stellatus

Song

Wang

Qiao

et al. 2016

Chin. J. Ocean. Limnol.

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Ontogenetic changes in digestive enzyme activities and the amino acid (AA) profi le of starry fl ounder, Platichthys stellatus , were investigated and limiting amino acids were estimated compared with the essential AA profi le between larvae and live food to clarify starry fl ounder larval nutritional requirements. Larvae were collected at the egg stage and 0, 2, 4, 7, 12, 17, 24 days after hatching (DAH) for analysis. Larvae grew from 1.91 mm at hatching to 12.13 mm at 24 DAH. Trypsin and chymotrypsin activities changed slightly by 4 DAH and then increased signifi cantly 4 DAH. Pepsin activity increased sharply beginning 17 DAH. Lipase activity increased signifi cantly 4 DAH and increased progressively with larval growth. Amylase activity was also detected in newly hatched larvae and increased 7 DAH followed by a gradual decrease. High free amino acid (FAA) content was detected in starry fl ounder eggs (110.72 mg/g dry weight). Total FAA content dropped to 43.29 mg/g in 4-DAH larvae and then decreased gradually to 13.74 mg/g in 24-DAH larvae. Most FAAs (except lysine and methionine) decreased >50% in 4-DAH larvae compared with those in eggs and then decreased to the lowest values in 24-DAH larvae. Changes in the protein amino acid (PAA) profi le were much milder than those observed for FAAs. Most PAAs increased gradually during larval development, except lysine and phenylalanine. The percentages of free threonine, valine, isoleucine, and leucine decreased until the end of the trial, whereas the protein forms of these four AAs followed the opposite trend. A comparison of the essential AA composition of live food (rotifers, Artemia nauplii, and Artemia metanauplii) and larvae suggested that methionine was potentially the fi rst limiting AA. These results may help develop starry fl ounder larviculture methods by solving the AA imbalance in live food. Moreover, the increased digestive enzyme activities indicate the possibility of introducing artifi cial compound feed.

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Amino acid metabolism and protein turnover in larval turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus ) fed natural zooplankton or Artemia

Cited by 130 publications

References 52 publications

Post-prandial changes in protein synthesis in red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) larvae

Post-prandial changes in protein synthesis in red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) larvae

Starvation reduces the heat shock protein responses in white sturgeon larvae

Ontogenetic changes in digestive enzyme activities and the amino acid profile of starry flounder Platichthys stellatus

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