Post-prandial changes in protein synthesis in red drum (<i>Sciaenops ocellatus</i>) larvae

McCarthy, Ian; Fuiman, Lee A.

doi:10.1242/jeb.052753

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Relative analysis showed that SGR was positively related to feed intake (r = +0.976, p <0.01) and feed efficiency (r = +0.883, p <0.01), suggesting that the improved growth by Thr was partly due to increased feed intake and feed utilization. Furthermore, body protein accretion makes an important contribution to fish weight gain [20]. The highest final body protein and lipid contents, and PRV in fish fed with 15.7 g Thr/kg diet further confirmed the best growth of fish in this group (Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

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Threonine Affects Intestinal Function, Protein Synthesis and Gene Expression of TOR in Jian Carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)

Feng

Yan

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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This study aimed to investigate the effects of threonine (Thr) on the digestive and absorptive ability, proliferation and differentiation of enterocytes, and gene expression of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). First, seven isonitrogenous diets containing graded levels of Thr (7.4–25.2 g/kg diet) were fed to the fishes for 60 days. Second, enterocyte proliferation and differentiation were assayed by culturing enterocytes with graded levels of Thr (0–275 mg/l) in vitro. Finally, enterocytes were cultured with 0 and 205 mg/l Thr to determine protein synthesis. The percent weight gain (PWG), specific growth rate, feed intake, feed efficiency, protein retention value, activities of trypsin, lipase and amylase, weights and protein contents of hepatopancreas and intestine, folds heights, activities of alkaline phosphatase (AKP), γ- glutamyl transpeptidase and Na+/K+-ATPase in all intestinal segments, glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) activities in hepatopancreas, and 4E-BP2 gene expression in muscle, hepatopancreas and intestinal segments were significantly enhanced by Thr (p<0.05). However, the plasma ammonia concentration and TOR gene expression decreased (p<0.05). In vitro, Thr supplement significantly increased cell numbers, protein content, the activities of GOT, GPT, AKP and Na+/K+-ATPase, and protein synthesis rate of enterocytes, and decreased LDH activity and ammonia content in cell medium (p<0.05). In conclusion, Thr improved growth, digestive and absorptive capacity, enterocyte proliferation and differentiation, and protein synthesis and regulated TOR and 4E-BP2 gene expression in juvenile Jian carp. The dietary Thr requirement of juvenile Jian carp was 16.25 g/kg diet (51.3 g/kg protein) based on quadratic regression analysis of PWG.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…The developmental growth of fish tissues and organs rely on protein synthesis [20]. In animals, a large proportion of intestinal amino acids are used for constitutive gut growth through participating in protein synthesis [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Threonine Affects Intestinal Function, Protein Synthesis and Gene Expression of TOR in Jian Carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)

Feng

Yan

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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“…Body protein and lipid synthesis contribute significantly to fish weight gain [31, 32]. The lower level of whole body protein and fat contents in fish fed with MBM diet indicated the poor growth performance of fish.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study on the Cellular and Systemic Nutrient Sensing and Intermediary Metabolism after Partial Replacement of Fishmeal by Meat and Bone Meal in the Diet of Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.)

Song¹,

Xu²,

Mai³

et al. 2016

PLoS ONE

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This study was designed to examine the cellular and systemic nutrient sensing mechanisms as well as the intermediary metabolism responses in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) fed with fishmeal diet (FM diet), 45% of FM replaced by meat and bone meal diet (MBM diet) or MBM diet supplemented with essential amino acids to match the amino acid profile of FM diet (MBM+AA diet). During the one month feeding trial, feed intake was not affected by the different diets. However, MBM diet caused significant reduction of specific growth rate and nutrient retentions. Compared with the FM diet, MBM diet down-regulated target of rapamycin (TOR) and insulin-like growth factor (IGFs) signaling pathways, whereas up-regulated the amino acid response (AAR) signaling pathway. Moreover, MBM diet significantly decreased glucose and lipid anabolism, while increased muscle protein degradation and lipid catabolism in liver. MBM+AA diet had no effects on improvement of MBM diet deficiencies. Compared with fasted, re-feeding markedly activated the TOR signaling pathway, IGF signaling pathway and glucose, lipid metabolism, while significantly depressed the protein degradation signaling pathway. These results thus provided a comprehensive display of molecular responses and a better explanation of deficiencies generated after fishmeal replacement by other protein sources.

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“…The relative increase is typically larger in the liver than in the white muscle ( 11 ) . This has been explained by the liver's primary role in primary processing of ingested nutrients and exportation of amino acids and synthesised proteins from the liver to peripheral tissues ( 14 , 18 , 37 ) . In contrast, stimulation of peak protein synthesis in sea bream white muscle was higher than for the liver, whereas the relative increase was similar between the two tissues for barramundi ( 34 ) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein synthesis in gilthead sea bream: response to partial fishmeal replacement

et al. 2012

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The present study aimed to measure tissue protein synthesis in sea bream fed isonitrogenous diets that contained 63, 55 and 50 % fishmeal; in the latter two diets, 16 and 27 % of the fishmeal protein was replaced with plant protein. Over a 35 d period, there were no differences in feed intake, growth or feed efficiency among the three diets. Protein metabolism was then measured in the liver and white muscle tissue as rates of protein synthesis and as the capacity for protein synthesis before feeding (0 h) and at different times after feeding (4-48 h). Diet did not have a significant effect on protein synthesis or on the capacity for protein synthesis in either tissue. The capacity for protein synthesis was not affected by time after feeding, and overall mean values were 81·02 (SE 1·68) and 4·07 (SE 0·94) mg RNA/g protein for the liver and white muscle, respectively. Liver and white muscle fractional rates of protein synthesis were significantly higher at 4 -8 h, intermediate at 12 h and were not different among pre-feeding (0 h), 24 and 48 h. Overall, the indices of protein metabolism measured at various times over 48 h following feeding were closely aligned with measurements of feeding, growth and growth efficiency established over a longer time scale. Key words: Protein synthesis: Specific dynamic action: Fishmeal replacementThe development of sustainable aquaculture is partly dependent on sustainable aquafeeds and the replacement of some or all of the protein and oil derived from marine sources (1 -3) . Strategies include the use of protein and oil sources derived from agriculture production as well as consideration of organic and certified ingredients that may include those of marine origin (4,5) . While considerable knowledge exists about the use of alternative protein sources in aquafeeds, the majority of this has been obtained from long-term growth experiments. Protein turnover is clearly of central importance to growth but only a few studies on fish have investigated protein turnover (6) , protein synthesis and protein degradation, in relation to dietary modification; even fewer have investigated the effect of replacing fishmeal on protein synthesis (7 -10) . Protein turnover reflects dietary protein in relation to how closely it matches quantitative and qualitative amino acid requirements (11 -13) .Low or imbalanced amino acid supply tends to initially stimulate protein synthesis in the liver in order to maintain protein synthesis and growth in the skeletal muscle (9) . Prolonged feeding at a low intake of amino acids will down-regulate protein synthesis so that liver rates decrease to be the same or lower than on a higher-quality protein source and skeletal muscle protein synthesis cannot be sustained and will be depressed (11,14) . When an alternative dietary protein is of high quality, muscle protein synthesis may not be affected by protein sources used, as in barramundi (Lates calcarifer) fed lupin meal to replace 45 % of the fishmeal protein (15) . In contrast, wholeanimal protein synthe...

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Post-prandial changes in protein synthesis in red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) larvae

Cited by 17 publications

References 63 publications

Threonine Affects Intestinal Function, Protein Synthesis and Gene Expression of TOR in Jian Carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)

Threonine Affects Intestinal Function, Protein Synthesis and Gene Expression of TOR in Jian Carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)

Comparative Study on the Cellular and Systemic Nutrient Sensing and Intermediary Metabolism after Partial Replacement of Fishmeal by Meat and Bone Meal in the Diet of Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.)

Protein synthesis in gilthead sea bream: response to partial fishmeal replacement

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